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Nigella sativa - Mugrela

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'''Mugrela''' or '''Nigella sativa''' (black-caraway, also known as '''nigella or kalonji'''), often called '''black cumin''',<ref name="int"/> is an annual flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to south and southwest Asia.
== Description Uses== Nigella sativa grows to 20–30 cm (7.9–11.8 in) tall{{Uses|indigestion}}, {{Uses|stomach pains}}, {{Uses|Bloating}}, {{Uses|colic}}, {{Uses|menstrual disorders}}, with finely divided{{Uses|intestinal worms}}, linear (but not thread-like) leaves. The flowers are delicate{{Uses|Abscesses}}, and usually colored pale blue and white{{Uses|haemorrhoids}}, with five to ten petals.{{Uses|Orchitis}}
The ==Parts Used=={{Parts Used|deep black caraway fruit is a large and inflated capsule composed of three to seven united follicles}}, each containing numerous seeds which are used as spice, sometimes as a replacement for black cumin (Bunium bulbocastanum){{Parts Used|Sharp-edged seed grains}}.
== Uses Chemical Composition== The oil contains the carvone, d-limonene, and a carbonyl compound, nigellone. The seed oil has antibacterial, insecticidal, bronchiodilatory, hypotensive and immune-stimulant properties. It contains nourishing amino acids such as cysteine, lysine, valine and leucine<ref name="chemical composition"/>
*The seeds of Nigella sativa are used as a spice in Indian and Middle Eastern cuisines. The black seeds taste like a combination of onions, black pepper and oregano. They have a pungent bitter taste and smell.==Common names==*N. sativa has a long history of use as medicine. Modern clinical trials have begun to investigate its efficacy, mainly using the seed oil extract, volatile oil, and isolated constituent thymoquinone.*The most trials, and those of the best quality to date, provide preliminary support for its use in asthma (for both prevention and treatment of acute attacks), allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis.<ref name{{Common names|kn=kari jirige|ml=karinjirakam|sa=Krishnajira|ta=|te="uses"/>*The seeds are recommended for cough and bronchial asthma.<ref name|hi="uses2"/>*The herb also has analgesic propertiesKalaunji, which depress the central nervous system.<ref nameKalonji|en="uses2"/>Black Seed, Fennel flower}}
==Common nameProperties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya===
* '''English''' - black-caraway===Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), Tikta (bitter)===Guna===Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, Vata===Prabhava===
== References Habit== {{Habit|Herb}}
==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|alternate|The leaves are compound and there is one leaf per node along the stem}}<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|Yellow|13|there are two or more ways to evenly divide the flower}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|general|1.2 mm|the fruit is dry and splits open when ripe||many}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract'' ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==Easily grown in any good garden soil, preferring a sunny position<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Tall grasslands}}, {{Commonly seen|meadows}}, {{Commonly seen|Borders of forests and fields}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">File:Odermennig.jpgFile:Agrimonia eupatoria02.jpgImage:Agrimonia eupatoria MHNT.BOT.2004.0.jpg</gallery> ==References== <references><ref name="intchemical composition">[httpshttp://npgswebwww.ars-grinhimalayawellness.govcom/gringlobalherbfinder/taxonomydetailnigella-sativa.aspx?25337 htm "USDA GRIN TaxonomyTherapeutic constituents"]</ref> <ref name="usesLeaf">[httphttps://onlinegobotany.liebertpubnewenglandwild.comorg/doispecies/absnigella/10.1089sativa/act.2011.17203 "Nigella sativa: Holy herb of the Middle Eastplant charecteristics"]</ref> <ref name="uses2How to plant/cultivate">[httphttps://www.himalayawellnesspfaf.comorg/herbfinderuser/nigella-Plant.aspx?LatinName=Nigella+sativa.htm Small Fennel, Black Cumin - Himalaya Herb Finder"Cultivation details"]</ref>
</references>
== External Links ==* [https://www.gardenershq.com/Nigella-Black-Cumin.php https://www.gardenershq.com/Nigella-Black-Cumin.php]* [http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Nigella+sativa Nigella sativa on Useful Tropical Plants]*[https://enwww.wikipediaseedaholic.orgcom/wikinigella-sativa-black-cumin.html Nigella sativa on seed a holic.com]* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/Nigella_sativa science/article/pii/S0308814603000384 Nigella sativa-Wikipediaon science direct]
[[Category:Herbs]]
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