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'''Salix nigra''' ('''black willow''') is a species of willow native to eastern North America, from New Brunswick and southern Ontario west to Minnesota, and south to northern Florida and Texas.
== Description Uses== It is a medium-sized deciduous tree, the largest North American species of willow, growing to 10–30 m (35–100 ft) tall, exceptionally up to 45 m (148 ft), with a trunk 50–80 centimeters (20–30 in) diameter. The bark is dark brown to blackish, becoming fissured in older trees{{Uses|Tentex forte}}, and frequently forking near the base. The shoots are slender and variable in color from green to brown{{Uses|Muscle & Joint Rub}}, yellow or purplish; they are (like the related European Salix fragilis) brittle at the base{{Uses|Impotency & Erectile dysfunction}}, snapping evenly at the branch junction if bent sharply. The foliage buds are 2–4 millimetres (1⁄16–3⁄16 in) long{{Uses|Diarrhoea}}, with a single{{Uses|Pharyngitis & Sore Throat}}, pointed reddish-brown bud scale. The leaves are alternate{{Uses|Toothache}}, long{{Uses|Pyorrhea}}, thin{{Uses|Common Cold}}, 5–15 centimeters (2–6 in) long and 0.5–2 centimeters (1⁄4–3⁄4 in) broad, usually somewhat falcate, dark, shiny green on both sides or with a lighter green underside, with a finely serrated margin, a short petiole and a pair {{Uses|Childhood apraxia of small stipules. It is dioeciousspeech}}, with small, greenish yellow to yellow flowers borne on catkins 2{{Uses|Delayed Speech Development}}.5–7.5 centimeters (1–3 in) long in early spring at the same time as the new leaves appear. The fruit is a 5 millimeters (3⁄16 in) capsule which splits open when mature to release the numerous minute, down-covered seeds. The leaves turn a lemon yellow in the fall. It is typically found along streams and in swamps.<ref name="des"/><ref name="des2"/>
== Uses Common names== *Black willow roots are very bitter, and have been used as a substitute for quinine in the past.<ref name{{Common names|kn=|ml=Akkarakaaram|sa=Akarkarabh|ta=|te=|hi=Akarkara|en="uses"/>*Ethnobotanical uses of black willow by various Native American tribes include basketry, and treatment of fever, headache, and coughs.*The bark of the tree contains salicylic acid, a chemical compound similar to aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid).Pellitory}}
==Common nameHabit=={{Habit|Procumbent herb}}
== References =Flower= =={{Flower|Unisexual|14-18cm long|Yellow, Circular|Androecium. Stamens 3–7 per flower.| Flowering February or March or April or May. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, catkins, flowers sessile. Flowers unisexual or pistillate or staminate. Perianth. Calyx absent. Corolla absent. Gynoecium. Ovaries superior, pistils 1 per flower. Gynoecium syncarpous, 2 carpels per flower, styles 1 per pistil, styles 0.2 mm long.}}
===Fruit==={{Fruit|Fruits capsules|0.3–0.8 cm long|reddish-brown, fruit maturation 1 years|seeds many, ovoid.|}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract'' ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==Pyrethrum var depressus (sometimes considered a separate species, Anacyclus depressus), called mat daisy or Mount Atlas daisy, is grown as a spring-blooming, low-water ornamental. It produces mats of grey-green, ferny foliage and single daisy-like white flowers. It is suitable for growing in an alpine or rock garden. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Mediterranian}}, {{Commonly seen|Himalayas}}, {{Commonly seen|Arabian countries}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">File:Anacyclus pyrethrum depressus habitus1.jpg|Var. ''depressus''File:Anacyclus pyrethrum depressus open.jpg|same plant, flower detailFile:Anacyclus pyrethrum depressus closed.jpg|Var. ''depressus'', flowers closed</gallery> ==References== <references><ref name="deschemical composition">[httphttps://www.borealforestdabur.orgcom/in/worlden-us/treesabout/black_willow.htm Tree Species science-of the World's Boreal Forests: Salix nigra-ayurveda/herbal-medicinal-plants/akarkara-plant "dabur medicinal plants"]</ref><ref name="des2Leaf">[http://www.ibiblio.org/openkey/intkey/web/SANI.htm Trees of the North Carolina Piedmont: Salix nigra/ "common trees"]</ref><ref name="usesHow to plant/cultivate">[https://booksen.googlewikipedia.co.inorg/wiki/books?id=8OYrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA809&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Gunn's Newest Family PhysicianAnacyclus_pyrethrum "Anacyclus pyrithum"]</ref>
</references>
== External Links ==
[[Category:Herbs]]
