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'''Atropa belladonna''', commonly known as '''belladonna''' or '''deadly nightshade''', is a perennial herbaceous plant (rhizomatous hemicryptophyte) in the Nightshade family (which includes tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, etc.) Solanaceae, native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia.Atropa belladonna has unpredictable effects. The antidote for belladonna poisoning is physostigmine or pilocarpine, the same as for atropine. ==Uses=={{Uses|Arthritis}}, {{Uses|Irritable bowel syndrome}}, {{Uses|Asthma}}, {{Uses|Colds}}, {{Uses|Hay fever}}, {{Uses|Hemorrhoids}}, {{Uses|Motion sickness}}, {{Uses|Nerve problems}}, {{Uses|Spasms}}, {{Uses|Whooping cough}}. ==Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Seed}}, {{Parts Used|Oil}} ==Chemical Composition==Tender shoots of alfalfa are reported to contain per 100 g 52 calories, 82.7% moisture, 6 g protein, 0.4 g fat, 9.5 g total carbohydrate, 3.1 g fiber, 1.4 g ash, 12 mg Ca, 51 mg P, 5.4 mg Fe, 3410 IU Vit A, 0.13 mg thiamine, 0.14 mg riboflavin, 0.5 mg niacin, and 162 mg ascorbic acid<ref name="chemical composition"/>

Atropa belladonna has unpredictable effects. The antidote for belladonna poisoning is physostigmine or pilocarpine==Common names=={{Common names|kn=lusarne soppu, the same as for atropine.vilaayiti hullu|ml=|sa=ashvabala|ta=kutirai macal |te=|hi=lusan ghas|en=Alfalfa, bastard medic}}

== Description Habit== Atropa belladonna is a branching herbaceous perennial, often growing as a subshrub, from a fleshy rootstock. Plants grow to 2 metres (6.6 ft) tall with ovate leaves 18 centimetres (7.1 in) long. The bell-shaped flowers are dull purple with green tinges and faintly scented. The fruits are berries, which are green, ripening to a shiny-black, and approximately 1.5 centimetres (0.59 in) in diameter. The berries are sweet and are consumed by animals (see Toxicity) that disperse the seeds in their droppings, even though the seeds contain toxic alkaloids. There is a pale-yellow flowering form called Atropa belladonna var. lutea with pale-yellow fruit.{{Habit|Herb}}

== Uses Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|simple|dentate|The leaflets are 5-20 mm long and dentate (toothed) at the apex and sometimes at the base}}.<ref name="Leaf"/>

*Drops prepared from the belladonna plant were used to dilate women's pupils, an effect considered to be attractive and seductive.===Flower===*Belladonna has been used in herbal medicine for centuries as a pain reliever, muscle relaxer, and anti{{Flower|pale lavender|2-4cm long|violet|6-inflammatory12 mm long|The flowers are papilionaceous, and to treat menstrual problems, peptic ulcer disease, histaminic reaction, and motion sickness.<ref name="uses"/>*Belladonna preparations are used in homeopathy as alleged treatments for various conditions.<ref name="uses2"/>typical of species}}

==Common name=Fruit==={{Fruit|loose spiral| A curved or loose spiral seed pod is present||seeds are yellow to brow.n in colour|10 to 20 seed}}

== References List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used== * [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract'' <references>==Where to get the saplings==<ref name="uses">[https://medlineplus=Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Stem cutting}}.gov/druginfo/natural/531.html "belladonna"]</ref><ref name=="uses2>[https:How to plant//bookscultivate==For cultivation of alfalfa, land should be well-plowed.googleFarm manure could be applied six weeks before planting, with additional manurings as top dressing after every third cutting.coCrop is propagated by seed.As seeds have hard coat, they should be scarified or soaked in/books?idwater before sowing. ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|western Himalayas}}, {{Commonly seen|open woodland}}, {{Commonly seen|moisty soil area}}. ==mMl9vwVDxigC&pgPhoto Gallery=PA59&lpg=PA59&dq<gallery class=%22deadly+nightshade%22+homeopathic&redir_esc"left" caption=y&hl"" widths=en "The Oxford Book of Health Foods140px" heights="140px"]>Image:Lucerne flowers.jpg|''Medicago sativa''Image:Medicago sativa Alfals006.jpg|''M. sativa''Image:Medicago sativa 02 bgiu.jpg|''M. sativa''Image:Luzerne-600.jpg|''M. sativa''|Image:Medicago-sativa-flowers.jpg|FlowersImage:YellowPrairieFlower.jpg|Yellow flowersImage:VioletPrairieFlower.JPG|Light violet flowersFile:Alfalfa frutos-1.JPG|''M. sativa'' var. ''sativa'', mature fruitsImage:Mesa 002 lhp.jpg|Seeds <small>(actual size ≈2mm)</refsmall>Image:Scythe_in_lucern_field.jpg|Lucerne fieldImage:ARS_Megachile_rotundata.jpg|Bee on alfalfa flower </referencesgallery> ==References==