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Urtica dioica - Vrscikali

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[[File:Brennnessel 1.JPG|thumb|right|''Urtica dioica'', ''Stinging nettle'']]
'''Urtica dioica''' is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Urticaceae. It is native to Europe, Asia, northern Africa, and western North America and introduced elsewhere.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Urination problems}}, {{Uses|Kidney stones}}, {{Uses|Allergies}}, {{Uses|Fever}}, {{Uses|Osteoarthritis}}, {{Uses|Internal bleeding}}, {{Uses|Nosebleeds}}, {{Uses|Anaemia}}, {{Uses|Diabetes}}
'''Stinging nettle''', often called '''common nettle, Urtica dioica''' (although not all plants of this species sting) or '''nettle leaf''', is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Urticaceae. It is native to Europe, Asia, northern Africa, and western North America,<ref name="int"/> and introduced elsewhere. The species is divided into six subspecies, five of which have many hollow stinging hairs called trichomes on the leaves and stems, which act like hypodermic needles, injecting histamine and other chemicals that produce a stinging sensation when contacted by humans and other animals.<ref name="int2"/> The plant has a long history of use as a source of medicine, food, and fibreParts Used=={{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
== Description Chemical Composition==The principal chemicals of interest are the sterols and steryl glycosides, including beta-sitosterol etc.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
Urtica dioica is a dioecious==Common names=={{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=Vrscikali|ta=|te=|hi=Bichchhu|en=Stinging Nettle}} ==Properties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, herbaceousRasa - Taste, perennial plantGuna - Qualities, 1 to 2 m (3 to 7 ft) tall in the summer and dying down to the ground in winter. It has widely spreading rhizomes and stolonsVeerya - Potency, which are bright yellowVipaka - Post-digesion effect, as are the roots. The soft, green leaves are 3 to 15 cm (1 to 6 in) long and are borne oppositely on an erect, wiry, green stem. The leaves have a strongly serrated margin, a cordate base, and an acuminate tip with a terminal leaf tooth longer than adjacent laterals. It bears small, greenish or brownish, numerous flowers in dense axillary inflorescences. The leaves and stems are very hairy with nonstinging hairsKarma - Pharmacological activity, and in most subspecies, also bear many stinging hairs (trichomes), whose tips come off when touched, transforming the hair into a needle that can inject several chemicals: acetylcholine, histamine, 5Prabhava -HT (serotonin), moroidin, leukotrienes, and possibly formic acidTherepeutics.<ref name===Dravya==="des"/> This mixture of chemical compounds causes a painful sting or paresthesia from which the species derives one of its common names, stinging nettle, as well as the colloquial names burn nettle, burn weed, and burn hazel.
== Uses =Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)===Guna===Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, Vata===Prabhava===
*U. dioica herb has been used in the traditional Austrian medicine internally (as tea or fresh leaves) to treat disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, locomotor system, skin, cardiovascular system, hemorrhage, influenza, rheumatism, and gout.<ref name="uses"/>=Habit==*Urtication, or flogging with nettles, is the process of deliberately applying stinging nettles to the skin in order to provoke inflammation. An agent thus used is known as a rubefacient (something that causes redness). This is done as a folk remedy for treatment of rheumatism.<ref name="uses2"/>{{Habit|Plant}}
==Common Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|Opposite|The thin, bright to dark green leaves are positioned opposite, with saw-toothed margins and infamous stinging hairs on the underside}}<ref name=="Leaf"/>
* '''Hindi''' ===Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual|2- बिच्छू4cm long|Yellow|5-20|Tiny, greenish-white flowers are arranged in clusters on slender, branched spikes formed in the leaf axils}}
== References =Fruit=== {{Fruit|General|7–10 mm|Stinging nettle produces a small, dry, oval-shaped|Fruits are clustered along drooping flower spikes|1}}<references><ref name="int">[http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn74146.html "Burning & Stinging Nettles"]</ref>==Other features=== <ref name="int2">[https://books.google.co.=List of Ayurvedic medicine in/books?idwhich the herb is used== ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation==iJjI6yDNmr8C&pg{{Propagation|Seeds}}. =PA170&redir_esc=y#vHow to plant/cultivate=onepage&q&f=false The Central Nervous System: Structure Prefers a soil rich in phosphates and Functionnitrogen. Oxford University Press US. p. 170Plants must be grown in a deep rich soil if good quality fibre is required. ]</ref><ref name="desHow to plant/cultivate"/>[https://books ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Waste ground}}, {{Commonly seen|Hedgerows}}, {{Commonly seen|Rich soil area}}.google.co.in/books?id ==4yi7-j48uhIC&pgPhoto Gallery=PA1104&redir_esc=y Casarett and Doull's toxicology: the basic science of poisons]</ref><ref namegallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="uses140px">[httpsFile:Urtica dioica 1.jpgImage:Lamium album no flowers.jpgImage://wwwUrtica dioica39 ies.ncbijpg|Seedlings among grassImage:Urtica dioica40 ies.nlmjpg|Seedlings among grassImage:Urtica dioica04 ies.nihjpg|Young plantsImage:Urtica dioica large stand.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791396/ "Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine jpgImage:Urtica- An unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs"]dioica4.jpg</refgallery> ==References== <references><ref name="uses2chemical composition">[httphttps://www.bbc.comdidea.ukcom/dnaproducts/place-londonnew/plain/A1310950 "Stinging Nettles"new00903.html Chemical constituents]</ref></references>
<ref name== External Links =="Leaf">[https://www.cropscience.bayer.com/en/crop-compendium/pests-diseases-weeds/weeds/urtica-dioica Plant description]</ref>
*<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://enwww.wikipediapfaf.org/wikiuser/Urtica_dioica Plant.aspx?LatinName=Urtica +dioicaCultivation details]</ref>*[https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides</Stinging%20Nettle.html flowersofindia]references>
==External Links==
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791396/ Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine]
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3349212/ Phenolic Compounds Analysis of Root, Stalk, and Leaves of Nettle ]
* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/urtica-dioica Urtica dioica on science direct]
* [http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:260630-2 Urtica dioica on plants for future.org]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Urticaceae]]
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