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Turnera subulata - White buttercup

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[[File:Turnera subulata (1).jpg|thumb|right|''White Butter Cup'']]
'''Turnera subulata''' is a species of flowering plant in the passion flower family. It is native to Central and South America, from Panama south to Brazil. It is well known in many other places as an introduced species, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, several other Pacific Islands, the Caribbean, and Florida in the United States. It is commonly cultivated as a garden flower.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Arthritis}}, {{Uses|Nerve pain}}, {{Uses|Blisters}}, {{Uses|Skin problems}}, {{Uses|Bronchitis}}, {{Uses|Blotches}}, {{Uses|Pimples}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|Sore throats}}
Turnera subulata is a species of flowering plant in the passionflower family known by the common names white buttercup, sulphur alder, politician's flower, dark-eyed turnera, and white alder.<ref name="int"/> Despite its names, it is not related to the buttercups or the alders. It is native to Central and South America, from Panama south to Brazil. It is well known in many other places as an introduced species, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, several other Pacific Islands, the Caribbean, and Florida in the United States. It is commonly cultivated as a garden flower=Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Leaves}}.<ref name="int2"/>
== Description Chemical Composition== This plant is a perennial herb growing from a thick taproot and woody stem base. It reaches a maximum height around 80 cm (31 in). The leaves are roughly oval in shape with toothed edges. The undersides are glandular phytochemical study conducted here led to the isolation and coated identification of ten compounds present in white hairsT. The upper surfaces may be somewhat hairysubulata: two mixtures of steroids, as well. The leaves are up to 9 cm sitosterol and stigmasterol (3.5 innonglycosylated and glycosylated) long. Flowers occur in the leaf axils, borne in calyces ; a mixture of hairyflavonoids, glandular sepals. The petals are rounded to oval5, the longest exceeding 3 cm (1.2 in). They are white or yellowish with darker bases. The dark patches at the bases are nectar guides. The center of the flower is rough7, feeling like a cat's tongue. The fruit is a hairy capsule containing seeds with white arils. The seeds are dispersed by ants, who are likely attracted to their high lipid content. The plant is pollinated by a variety of insects4′-trihidroxiflavona-8-C-α-glucopyranoside and 5, including the bee Protomeliturga turnerae7, which is oligolectic3′, specializing on this plant species 4′-tetrahidroxiflavona-8-C-α-glucopyranosidel; and depending completely on it for reproduction. four phaeophyt<ref name="chemical composition"/>
== Uses Common names=={{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=|ta=|te=|hi=|en=White Alder, White Butter Cup }}
This plant has uses in traditional medicine.<ref name="uses"/> It is used for skin, gastrointestinal, and respiratory ailments.<ref name="uses2"/> In BrazilProperties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, the plant is made into cough syrupRasa - Taste, and the roots are said to be good for dysmenorrhea. Laboratory tests showed it has some inhibitory activity against various fungiGuna - Qualities, such as Candida glabrataVeerya - Potency, Aspergillus flavusVipaka - Post-digesion effect, A. nigerKarma - Pharmacological activity, APrabhava - Therepeutics. fumigatus, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Candida albicans.<ref name===Dravya==="uses2"/> Hot water extracts of different parts of the plant (i.e. leaf, stem, root, flower and fruit) were also shown to have free radical and nitric oxide scavenging activities.
==Common name=Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)===Guna===Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, Vata===Prabhava===
* '''English''' - white buttercup==Habit=={{Habit|Perennial plant}}
== References Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|Alternate|Lamina elliptic-ovate to lanceate, 2.5-6 by 1-3.5 cm, base cuneate-decurrent; margin serrate-dentate, apex obtuse, subacute to acute}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
<references>===Flower==={{Flower|Bisexual||Yellow-white|5|Solitary in upper leaf-axils; bracteoles linear-subulate; pedicel adnate to the petiole throughout; calyx-tube small, lobes 5, linear}} <ref name="int">[http://www==Fruit==={{Fruit|Capsule|||Loculicidal, globose.hearSeeds many, pitted|-}} ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used== ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.org ==How to plant/pier/species/turnera_subulata.htm Turnera subulata. US Forest Servicecultivate==The plant is widely cultivated as an ornamental in the tropics, where it often escapes from cultivation. It is reported to be invasive in several Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)]Islands<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/ref> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Stony fields}}, {{Commonly seen|Hillsides}}, {{Commonly seen|Often on open banks}}, {{Commonly seen|Waste ground}}. ==Photo Gallery==<ref namegallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="int2140px">[https File:Turnera subulata.jpgFile://npgswebTurnera subulata 2.ars-grinjpgFile:Turnera subulata (7).gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetailjpgFile:Turnera subulata 6539.aspx?317940 jpgFile:Turnera subulatain Chennai suburbs 03.]jpg</refgallery> ==References== <references><ref name="useschemical composition">[http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102S0100-695X2007000300016&script=sci_abstract Comparative and pharmacobotanical study of the leaves of Turnera chamaedrifolia Cambess. and Turnera subulata Sm. (Turneraceae).]</ref><ref name=40422014000400005 "uses2chemical constituets">[http://www.recentscientific.com/sites/default/files/Download_61.pdf Studies on the antifungal activity of Turnera subulata and Acacia nilotica against pathogenic fungal pathogens.]</ref></references>
<ref name="Leaf">[https://florafaunaweb.nparks.gov.sg/special-pages/plant-detail.aspx?id= External Links ==2534 "plant morphology"]</ref>
*<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[httpshttp://entropical.wikipediatheferns.orginfo/wiki/Turnera_subulata viewtropical.php?id=Turnera subulata+ulmifolia "cultivation details"]</ref></references>
==External Links==
* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027869151200556X Turnera subulata on science direct]
* [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13880200590962926?scroll=top&needAccess=true urnera subulata on tandfonline.com]
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27602660 Turnera subulata Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages]
* [https://herbpathy.com/Uses-and-Benefits-of-Turnera-Ulmifolia-Cid6149 Turnera subulata on herbpathy.com]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Passifloraceae]]
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