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Difference between revisions of "Turnera subulata - White buttercup"

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[[File:Turnera subulata (1).jpg|thumb|right|''White Butter Cup'']]
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'''Turnera subulata''' is a species of flowering plant in the passion flower family. It is native to Central and South America, from Panama south to Brazil. It is well known in many other places as an introduced species, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, several other Pacific Islands, the Caribbean, and Florida in the United States. It is commonly cultivated as a garden flower.
  
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Arthritis}}, {{Uses|Nerve pain}}, {{Uses|Blisters}}, {{Uses|Skin problems}}, {{Uses|Bronchitis}}, {{Uses|Blotches}}, {{Uses|Pimples}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|Sore throats}}
  
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Turnera subulata is a species of flowering plant in the passionflower family known by the common names white buttercup, sulphur alder, politician's flower, dark-eyed turnera, and white alder.<ref name="int"/> Despite its names, it is not related to the buttercups or the alders. It is native to Central and South America, from Panama south to Brazil. It is well known in many other places as an introduced species, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, several other Pacific Islands, the Caribbean, and Florida in the United States. It is commonly cultivated as a garden flower.<ref name="int2"/>
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
  
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== Description ==
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==Chemical Composition==
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The phytochemical study conducted here led to the isolation and identification of ten compounds present in T. subulata: two mixtures of steroids, sitosterol and stigmasterol (nonglycosylated and glycosylated); a mixture of flavonoids, 5,7,4′-trihidroxiflavona-8-C-α-glucopyranoside and 5,7,3′,4′-tetrahidroxiflavona-8-C-α-glucopyranosidel; and four phaeophyt<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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This plant is a perennial herb growing from a thick taproot and woody stem base. It reaches a maximum height around 80 cm (31 in). The leaves are roughly oval in shape with toothed edges. The undersides are glandular and coated in white hairs. The upper surfaces may be somewhat hairy, as well. The leaves are up to 9 cm (3.5 in) long. Flowers occur in the leaf axils, borne in calyces of hairy, glandular sepals. The petals are rounded to oval, the longest exceeding 3 cm (1.2 in). They are white or yellowish with darker bases. The dark patches at the bases are nectar guides. The center of the flower is rough, feeling like a cat's tongue. The fruit is a hairy capsule containing seeds with white arils. The seeds are dispersed by ants, who are likely attracted to their high lipid content. The plant is pollinated by a variety of insects, including the bee Protomeliturga turnerae, which is oligolectic, specializing on this plant species and depending completely on it for reproduction.
 
  
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== Uses ==
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=|ta=|te=|hi=|en=White Alder, White Butter Cup }}
  
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This plant has uses in traditional medicine.<ref name="uses"/> It is used for skin, gastrointestinal, and respiratory ailments.<ref name="uses2"/> In Brazil, the plant is made into cough syrup, and the roots are said to be good for dysmenorrhea. Laboratory tests showed it has some inhibitory activity against various fungi, such as Candida glabrata, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Candida albicans.<ref name="uses2"/> Hot water extracts of different parts of the plant (i.e. leaf, stem, root, flower and fruit) were also shown to have free radical and nitric oxide scavenging activities.
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
  
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==Common name==
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===Rasa===
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Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)
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===Guna===
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Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)
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===Veerya===
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Ushna (Hot)
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===Vipaka===
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Katu (Pungent)
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===Karma===
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Kapha, Vata
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===Prabhava===
  
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* '''English''' - white buttercup
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Perennial plant}}
  
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== References ==
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|Alternate|Lamina elliptic-ovate to lanceate, 2.5-6 by 1-3.5 cm, base cuneate-decurrent; margin serrate-dentate, apex obtuse, subacute to acute}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
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<references>
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===Flower===
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<ref name="int">[http://www.hear.org/pier/species/turnera_subulata.htm Turnera subulata. US Forest Service. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)]</ref>
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{{Flower|Bisexual||Yellow-white|5|Solitary in upper leaf-axils; bracteoles linear-subulate; pedicel adnate to the petiole throughout; calyx-tube small, lobes 5, linear}}
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<ref name="int2">[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?317940 Turnera subulata.]</ref>
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<ref name="uses">[http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0102-695X2007000300016&script=sci_abstract  Comparative and pharmacobotanical study of the leaves of Turnera chamaedrifolia Cambess. and Turnera subulata Sm. (Turneraceae).]</ref>
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===Fruit===
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<ref name="uses2">[http://www.recentscientific.com/sites/default/files/Download_61.pdf  Studies on the antifungal activity of Turnera subulata and Acacia nilotica against pathogenic fungal pathogens.]</ref>
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{{Fruit|Capsule|||Loculicidal, globose. Seeds many, pitted|-}}
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</references>
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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The plant is widely cultivated as an ornamental in the tropics, where it often escapes from cultivation. It is reported to be invasive in several Pacific Islands<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Stony fields}}, {{Commonly seen|Hillsides}}, {{Commonly seen|Often on open banks}}, {{Commonly seen|Waste ground}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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File:Turnera subulata.jpg
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File:Turnera subulata 2.jpg
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File:Turnera subulata (7).jpg
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File:Turnera subulata 6539.jpg
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File:Turnera subulata in Chennai suburbs 03.jpg
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references>  
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<ref name="chemical composition">[http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-40422014000400005 "chemical constituets"]</ref>
  
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== External Links ==
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://florafaunaweb.nparks.gov.sg/special-pages/plant-detail.aspx?id=2534 "plant morphology"]</ref>
  
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnera_subulata Turnera subulata]
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Turnera+ulmifolia "cultivation details"]</ref>
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</references>
  
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==External Links==
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* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027869151200556X Turnera subulata on science direct]
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* [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13880200590962926?scroll=top&needAccess=true urnera subulata on tandfonline.com]
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* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27602660 Turnera subulata Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages]
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* [https://herbpathy.com/Uses-and-Benefits-of-Turnera-Ulmifolia-Cid6149 Turnera subulata on herbpathy.com]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Passifloraceae]]

Latest revision as of 11:09, 28 August 2020

White Butter Cup

Turnera subulata is a species of flowering plant in the passion flower family. It is native to Central and South America, from Panama south to Brazil. It is well known in many other places as an introduced species, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, several other Pacific Islands, the Caribbean, and Florida in the United States. It is commonly cultivated as a garden flower.

Uses

Arthritis, Nerve pain, Blisters, Skin problems, Bronchitis, Blotches, Pimples, Diarrhea, Sore throats

Parts Used

Leaves.

Chemical Composition

The phytochemical study conducted here led to the isolation and identification of ten compounds present in T. subulata: two mixtures of steroids, sitosterol and stigmasterol (nonglycosylated and glycosylated); a mixture of flavonoids, 5,7,4′-trihidroxiflavona-8-C-α-glucopyranoside and 5,7,3′,4′-tetrahidroxiflavona-8-C-α-glucopyranosidel; and four phaeophyt[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada
Hindi
Malayalam
Tamil
Telugu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit
English White Alder, White Butter Cup


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Kapha, Vata

Prabhava

Habit

Perennial plant

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Alternate Lamina elliptic-ovate to lanceate, 2.5-6 by 1-3.5 cm, base cuneate-decurrent; margin serrate-dentate, apex obtuse, subacute to acute

[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Bisexual Yellow-white 5 Solitary in upper leaf-axils; bracteoles linear-subulate; pedicel adnate to the petiole throughout; calyx-tube small, lobes 5, linear

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Capsule Loculicidal, globose. Seeds many, pitted - {{{6}}}

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

The plant is widely cultivated as an ornamental in the tropics, where it often escapes from cultivation. It is reported to be invasive in several Pacific Islands[3]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Stony fields, Hillsides, Often on open banks, Waste ground.

Photo Gallery

  • Turnera subulata.jpg
  • Turnera subulata 2.jpg
  • Turnera subulata (7).jpg
  • Turnera subulata 6539.jpg
  • Turnera subulata in Chennai suburbs 03.jpg

References

  1. ↑ "chemical constituets"
  2. ↑ "plant morphology"
  3. ↑ "cultivation details"

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Turnera_subulata_-_White_buttercup&oldid=51904"