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Trachyspermum ammi - Carom, Ajwain, Ajamoda

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[[File:Carom.jpg|thumb|right|''Ajwain'', '' Trachyspermum ammi'']]
[[File:Carom Flowers.jpg|thumb|right|''Ajwain'', ''Avanika'', ''bishop's weed'']]
'''Trachyspermum ammi''' is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae. It originated in India and Pakistan. Both the leaves and the fruit of the plant are consumed by humans. Ajamoda consists of dried, aromatic fruits of Apium leptophyllum. It is an annual herb cultivated in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka. It is collected by thrashing plants on a mat and dried in shade or in drying sheds.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Stomachache}}, {{Uses|Cold}}, {{Uses|Asthma}}, {{Uses|Diabetes Mellitus}}, {{Uses|Cholera}}, {{Uses|Kidney Stone}}, {{Uses|Weight Loss}}, {{Uses|Gas and Flatulence}}, {{Uses|Acidity and Hyperacidity}}, {{Uses|Culinary Recipes}}, {{Uses|Indigestion}}, {{Uses|Fever}}, {{Uses|Toothache}}.<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>
==Parts Used==
{{Parts Used|Lovage seed}}, {{Parts Used|Caraway-like fruits}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>.
==Chemical Composition==
The essential oil (2.5 to 5% in the dried fruits) is dominated by thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol, 35 to 60%); furthermore, α-pinene, p-cymene, limonene and γ-terpinene have been found.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
Ajwain <ref name="Ajwain"/>, ajowan (/ˈædʒəwɒn/) Trachyspermum ammi, also known as Ajowan caraway, bishop's weed or carom, is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae. It originated in India and Pakistan. Both the leaves and the fruit (often mistakenly called seeds) of the plant are consumed by humans. The plant is also called bishop's weed, but this is a common name it shares with some other different plants. The "seed" (i.e., the fruit) is often confused with lovage "seed".  =Common names= Description ={{Common names|kn= The small fruits are pale brown schizocarps and have an oval shapeOma, resembling caraway and cumin. It has a bitter and pungent tasteAjavana, with a flavor similar to anise and oregano. They smell almost exactly like thyme because it also contains thymolOmakki|ml=Ayamodakum, but is more aromatic and less subtle in taste, as well as slightly bitter and pungent. Even a small number of fruits tends to dominate the flavor of a dish.  Omam|sa=Ajamoda|ta= Culinary uses Omam|te=omaan, Naranji vamu|hi= The fruits are rarely eaten raw; they are commonly dry-roasted or fried in ghee (clarified butter). This allows the spice to develop a more subtle and complex aroma. In Indian cuisineAjmuda, it is often part of a chaunk, a mixture of spices fried in oil or butter, which is used to flavor lentil dishes. In Afghanistan, the fruits are sprinkled over bread and biscuits.Ajmod|en=Ajwain}}<ref name="Common Names"/>
==Properties==
Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
===Dravya===
== Medicinal uses =Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)===Guna===Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, Vata===Prabhava===
Ajwain is used as medicinal plant in traditional Ayurvedic medicine; primarily for stomach disorders such as indigestion, flatulence,and others but also for its supposed antispasmodic and carminative properties. In general the crushed fruits are applied externally as a poultice.==Habit=={{Habit|Herb}}
==Identification==
===Leaf===
{{Leaf|Simple||The leaves are rather distant, 2-3-pinnately divided in narrow linear segments}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
== Uses =Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|White and small|5-20|Flowers are borne in terminal or seemingly-lateral stalked. Flowering season is February - September}}
*Avanika is used as medicinal plant in traditional Ayurvedic medicine.===Fruit===* This allows the spice to develop a more subtle and complex aroma. In Indian cuisine{{Fruit|Ovoid|7–10 mm|The fruits are ovoid, it is often part of a chaunkaromatic, a mixture of spices fried in oil or buttergreyish brown|The mericarps, which is used to flavor lentil dishes.*Primarily used for stomach disorders such as indigestionare the components of the fruit, flatulence, and others but also for its supposed antispasmodic and carminative properties.*It are compressed|Many|Fruiting season is used for treating AsthmaFebruary - September}}*It helps in dissolving kidney stone. *Avanika helps to reduce Gas and Flatulence===Other features===
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
[[Aṣṭāṇgāvaleha]], [[Yavani shadava churna]], [[Sarpagandha ghan vati]], [[Agnitundi Vati]], [[Ajamodaarka]], [[Ashtakshaari Gutika]], [[Narayana Churnam]], [[Panchatikta Guggulu Gritham]], [[Phalasarpi Grith]], [[Madhusnuhi Rasayanam]], [[Mushtarishta]], [[Mustakaarishta]], [[Yavanyadi churnam]], [[Lodrasava]], [[Lohaasava]], [[Vaishchanara churnam]], [[Ashtachurnam]], [[Karpooraadi Tailam]], [[Kasturyadi Gutika]], [[Krimi mudgara rasa]], [[Changeri Gritha]], [[Jirakaadyarishta]], [[Trayodashaanga Guggulu]], [[Dadimashtaka churnam]], [[Saarasvata churnam]], [[Saarivaadyasava]], [[Sukumaara Gritha]], [[Sukumaara rasayanam]], [[Sudarshana Churnam]] <ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>
==Common namesWhere to get the saplings==
* '''English''' - Carom==Mode of Propagation==* '''Kannada''' - ಓಮ * '''Hindi''' - Ajvain{{Propagation|Seeds}}.
==How to plant/cultivate==
Requires a moist soil in a sunny position. This species is not frost tolerant, but it might be possible to grow it outdoors in Britain as a spring sown annual.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
{{Commonly seen|Damp ground}}, {{Commonly seen|Meadows}}, {{Commonly seen|Borders of forests and fields}}.
== References Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">Ajowan.jpg|SeedsFile:Carom Flowers.jpg|FlowersFile:Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague illustrations.jpg|Illustration</gallery>
==References==
<references>
<ref name="chemical composition">[http://gernot-katzers-spice-pages.com/engl/Trac_cop.html Chemical constituents]</ref><ref name="Leaf">[https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Ajwain.html Plant description]</ref><ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://enwww.wikipediapfaf.org/wikiuser/Ajwain Plant.aspx?LatinName=Trachyspermum+ammi Cultivation details]</ref><ref name="wikipediaKarnataka Medicinal Plants"]>”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume - 2” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.25 and 33, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #45, Paapannana Tota, 1st Main road, Basaveshwara Nagara, Bengaluru. </ref><ref name="Common Names">The Flowers of India</ref>
</references>
  == External Links == *[http://www.alwaysayurveda.com/ajwain/ "alwaysayurveda"Trachyspermum ammi on always ayurveda]*[httphttps://gernot-katzers-spice-pageswww.sciencedirect.com/englscience/Trac_coparticle/pii/S2221169115300447 Apium leptophyllum on science direct]* [http://contentzza.html "gernotcom/cultivation-katzersmethods-spiceof-pages"ajwain/ Trachyspermum ammi Cultivation Methods of Ajwain]* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237168900_Trachyspermum_ammi_A_comprehensive_review Trachyspermum ammi on Trachyspermum ammi: A comprehensive review]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have flower, fruit and leaf photos]]
[[Category:Apiaceae]]
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