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Trachyspermum ammi - Carom, Ajwain, Ajamoda

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[[File:Carom.jpg|thumb|right|''Ajwain'', '' Trachyspermum ammi'']]
[[File:Carom Flowers.jpg|thumb|right|''Ajwain'', ''Avanika'', ''bishop's weed'']]
'''Trachyspermum ammi''' is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae. It originated in India and Pakistan. Both the leaves and the fruit of the plant are consumed by humans. Ajamoda consists of dried, aromatic fruits of Apium leptophyllum. It is an annual herb cultivated in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka. It is collected by thrashing plants on a mat and dried in shade or in drying sheds.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Stomachache}}, {{Uses|Cold}}, {{Uses|Asthma}}, {{Uses|Diabetes Mellitus}}, {{Uses|Cholera}}, {{Uses|Kidney Stone}}, {{Uses|Weight Loss}}, {{Uses|Gas and Flatulence}}, {{Uses|Acidity and Hyperacidity}}, {{Uses|Culinary Recipes}}, {{Uses|Indigestion}}, {{Uses|Fever}}, {{Uses|Toothache}}.<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>
==Parts Used==
{{Parts Used|Lovage seed}}, {{Parts Used|Caraway-like fruits}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>.
Ajwain <ref name="Ajwain"/>, ajowan =Chemical Composition==The essential oil (/ˈædʒəwɒn/) Trachyspermum ammi, also known as Ajowan caraway, bishop's weed or carom, is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae2. It originated 5 to 5% in India and Pakistan. Both the leaves and the fruit (often mistakenly called seedsdried fruits) of the plant are consumed is dominated by humans. The plant is also called bishop's weed, but this is a common name it shares with some other different plants. The "seed" thymol (i.e.2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol, the fruit35 to 60%) is often confused with lovage ; furthermore, α-pinene, p-cymene, limonene and γ-terpinene have been found.<ref name="seedchemical composition"./>
==Common names==
{{Common names|kn=Oma, Ajavana, Omakki|ml=Ayamodakum, Omam|sa=Ajamoda|ta=Omam|te=omaan, Naranji vamu|hi=Ajmuda, Ajmod|en=Ajwain}}<ref name="Common Names"/>
== Description Properties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya===
The small fruits are pale brown schizocarps and have an oval shape===Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), resembling caraway and cumin. It has a bitter and pungent tasteKashaya (Astringent)===Guna===Laghu (Light), with a flavor similar to anise and oregano. They smell almost exactly like thyme because it also contains thymolRuksha (Dry), but is more aromatic and less subtle in tasteTikshna (Sharp)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, as well as slightly bitter and pungent. Even a small number of fruits tends to dominate the flavor of a dish.Vata===Prabhava===
==Habit==
{{Habit|Herb}}
== Culinary uses Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple||The leaves are rather distant, 2-3-pinnately divided in narrow linear segments}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
The fruits are rarely eaten raw; they are commonly dry===Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual|2-roasted or fried in ghee (clarified butter). This allows the spice to develop a more subtle 4cm long|White and complex aroma. In Indian cuisine, it is often part of a chaunk, a mixture of spices fried small|5-20|Flowers are borne in oil terminal or butter, which seemingly-lateral stalked. Flowering season is used to flavor lentil dishes. In Afghanistan, the fruits are sprinkled over bread and biscuits.February - September}}
===Fruit===
{{Fruit|Ovoid|7–10 mm|The fruits are ovoid, aromatic, greyish brown|The mericarps, which are the components of the fruit, are compressed|Many|Fruiting season is February - September}}
===Other features===
== Medicinal uses List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==[[Aṣṭāṇgāvaleha]], [[Yavani shadava churna]], [[Sarpagandha ghan vati]], [[Agnitundi Vati]], [[Ajamodaarka]], [[Ashtakshaari Gutika]], [[Narayana Churnam]], [[Panchatikta Guggulu Gritham]], [[Phalasarpi Grith]], [[Madhusnuhi Rasayanam]], [[Mushtarishta]], [[Mustakaarishta]], [[Yavanyadi churnam]], [[Lodrasava]], [[Lohaasava]], [[Vaishchanara churnam]], [[Ashtachurnam]], [[Karpooraadi Tailam]], [[Kasturyadi Gutika]], [[Krimi mudgara rasa]], [[Changeri Gritha]], [[Jirakaadyarishta]], [[Trayodashaanga Guggulu]], [[Dadimashtaka churnam]], [[Saarasvata churnam]], [[Saarivaadyasava]], [[Sukumaara Gritha]], [[Sukumaara rasayanam]], [[Sudarshana Churnam]] <ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>
Ajwain is used as medicinal plant in traditional Ayurvedic medicine; primarily for stomach disorders such as indigestion, flatulence,and others but also for its supposed antispasmodic and carminative properties. In general the crushed fruits are applied externally as a poultice. ==Common namesWhere to get the saplings==
* '''English''' - Carom==Mode of Propagation==* '''Hindi''' - Ajvain{{Propagation|Seeds}}.
==How to plant/cultivate==
Requires a moist soil in a sunny position. This species is not frost tolerant, but it might be possible to grow it outdoors in Britain as a spring sown annual.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
{{Commonly seen|Damp ground}}, {{Commonly seen|Meadows}}, {{Commonly seen|Borders of forests and fields}}.
== References Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">Ajowan.jpg|SeedsFile:Carom Flowers.jpg|FlowersFile:Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague illustrations.jpg|Illustration</gallery>
==References==
<references>
<ref name="chemical composition">[http://gernot-katzers-spice-pages.com/engl/Trac_cop.html Chemical constituents]</ref><ref name="Leaf">[https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Ajwain.html Plant description]</ref><ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://enwww.wikipediapfaf.org/wikiuser/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Trachyspermum+ammi Cultivation details]</ref><ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants">”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume - 2” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.25 and 33, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #45, Paapannana Tota, 1st Main road, Basaveshwara Nagara, Bengaluru. </Ajwain ref><ref name="wikipediaCommon Names"]>The Flowers of India</ref>
</references>
  == External Links == *[http://www.alwaysayurveda.com/ajwain/ "alwaysayurveda"Trachyspermum ammi on always ayurveda]*[httphttps://gernot-katzers-spice-pageswww.sciencedirect.com/englscience/Trac_coparticle/pii/S2221169115300447 Apium leptophyllum on science direct]* [http://contentzza.html "gernotcom/cultivation-katzersmethods-spiceof-pages"ajwain/ Trachyspermum ammi Cultivation Methods of Ajwain]* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237168900_Trachyspermum_ammi_A_comprehensive_review Trachyspermum ammi on Trachyspermum ammi: A comprehensive review]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have flower, fruit and leaf photos]]
[[Category:Apiaceae]]
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