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Difference between revisions of "Symplocarpus foetidus - Skunk cabbage"

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[[File:Eastern Skunk Cabbage along brook in sprintime.jpg|thumb|right|''Skunk cabbage'']]
 
[[File:Eastern Skunk Cabbage along brook in sprintime.jpg|thumb|right|''Skunk cabbage'']]
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'''Symplocarpus foetidus''' is a low growing, foul-smelling plant that grows in wetlands of eastern North America.
  
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'''Skunk cabbage''' or '''Symplocarpus foetidus''', commonly known as skunk cabbage<ref name="int"/> or eastern skunk cabbage (also swamp cabbage, clumpfoot cabbage, or meadow cabbage, foetid pothos or polecat weed), is a low growing, foul-smelling plant that grows in wetlands of eastern North America.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Bronchitis}}, {{Uses|Vomiting}}, {{Uses|Headaches}}, {{Uses|Dizziness}}, {{Uses|Nervous disorders}}, {{Uses|Whooping cough}}, {{Uses|Catarrh}}, {{Uses|Fever}}, {{Uses|Epilepsy}}
  
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== Description ==
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Roots}}.
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Eastern skunk cabbage has leaves which are large, 40–55 cm (15.5–21.5 in) long and 30–40 cm (12–15.5 in) broad. It flowers early in the spring when only the flowers are visible above the mud. The stems[clarification needed] remain buried below the surface of the soil with the leaves emerging later. The flowers are produced on a 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long spadix contained within a spathe, 10–15 cm (4–6 in) tall and mottled purple in colour. The rhizome is often 30 cm (0.98 ft) thick.
 
  
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== Uses ==
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==Chemical Composition==
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Characteristic aroma-active compounds in the oils were detected by GC-Olfactometry (GC-O) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). From the HD method, the main compounds in the oil were found to be p-vinyl-guaiacol (15.5%), 2-pentyl-furan (13.4%), and (Z)-ligustilide (9.5%). From the SAFE method, the main compounds were 2-butoxy-ethanol (49.6%), ethyl-pentanoate (4.5%), and mesitylene (4.0%)<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
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*It was used in the treatment of respiratory diseases, nervous disorders, rheumatism, and dropsy.
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==Common names==
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*In North America and Europe, skunk cabbage is occasionally cultivated in water gardens.<ref name="uses"/> Skunk cabbage was used extensively as a medicinal plant, seasoning, and magical talisman by various tribes of Native Americans.
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{{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=|ta=|te=|hi=|en=Skunk cabbage}}
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*While not considered edible raw, because the roots are toxic and the leaves can burn the mouth, the leaves may be dried and used in soups and stews.<ref name="uses2"/>
 
  
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==Common name==
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
  
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* '''English''' - skunk cabbage
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===Rasa===
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Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)
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===Guna===
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Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)
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===Veerya===
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Ushna (Hot)
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===Vipaka===
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Katu (Pungent)
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===Karma===
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Kapha, Vata
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===Prabhava===
  
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== References ==
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Herb}}
  
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<references>
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==Identification==
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<ref name="int">[https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=SYFO  USDA PLANTS Database: S. foetidus]</ref>
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===Leaf===
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<ref name="uses">[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027331 Flora of North America: S. foetidus]</ref>
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{{Leaf|Simple|Alternate|A vibrant yellow-green, springing up along streams and other wetland areas when the rest of the forest floor is still wintry}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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<ref name="uses2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090707232916/http://mdflora.org/plantinfo/plantofthemonth/pim_skunk_cabbage.html "Wildflower in Focus: Skunk Cabbage Symplocarpus foetidus"]</ref>
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual| 2-6" high|yellow or green|5|Inside is the round or ovoid spadix, a fleshy axis bearing the tiny true flowers}}
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|General|7–10 mm |clearly grooved lengthwise, Lowest hooked hairs aligned towards crown|-|many}}
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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Sow seeds upon collection in a peaty soil kept constantly moist. Seedlings require considerable time to mature. To increase by division, dig around the dormant plant and remove it with as much of the deep-penetrating, offensive-smelling rhizome as possible. Skunk cabbage requires the whole of the growing season to mature its seeds. The fruiting spadix darkens and become spongy as it develops. In early fall, when the seeds are ripe, the spadix is often found on the ground at the base of the leaves. Remove seeds from spadix. Seeds can not be stored. <ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|In Marshes}}, {{Commonly seen|Bogs areas}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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Image:Symplocarpus foetidus 003.JPG|Leaves
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Image:Symplocarpus foetidus leaf.jpg|in Mount Nōgōhaku|Leaves
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File:Symplocarpus foetidus Zazensou in nobusegatake 2008-4-4.JPG|Flowers
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File:Symplocarpus foetidus 001.JPG|Flower
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references>  
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26632948 "chemical constituents"]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090707232916/http://mdflora.org/plantinfo/plantofthemonth/pim_skunk_cabbage.html "plant description"]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=syfo "Cultivation details"]</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
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== External Links ==
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==External Links==
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* [https://academics.skidmore.edu/wikis/NorthWoods/index.php/Symplocarpus_foetidus_(Skunk_cabbage) Symplocarpus foetidus on academics.skidmore.edu]
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symplocarpus_foetidus Symplocarpus foetidus]
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* [http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/wetland/plants/skunk_cabbage.htm Symplocarpus foetidus on illinois wild flowers.info]
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* [http://practicalplants.org/wiki/Symplocarpus_foetidus Symplocarpus foetidus on practicalplants.org]
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[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have flower, fruit and leaf photos]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
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[[Category:Araceae]]

Latest revision as of 15:21, 13 June 2019

Skunk cabbage

Symplocarpus foetidus is a low growing, foul-smelling plant that grows in wetlands of eastern North America.

Uses

Bronchitis, Vomiting, Headaches, Dizziness, Nervous disorders, Whooping cough, Catarrh, Fever, Epilepsy

Parts Used

Leaves, Roots.

Chemical Composition

Characteristic aroma-active compounds in the oils were detected by GC-Olfactometry (GC-O) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). From the HD method, the main compounds in the oil were found to be p-vinyl-guaiacol (15.5%), 2-pentyl-furan (13.4%), and (Z)-ligustilide (9.5%). From the SAFE method, the main compounds were 2-butoxy-ethanol (49.6%), ethyl-pentanoate (4.5%), and mesitylene (4.0%)[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada
Hindi
Malayalam
Tamil
Telugu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit
English Skunk cabbage


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Kapha, Vata

Prabhava

Habit

Herb

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Alternate A vibrant yellow-green, springing up along streams and other wetland areas when the rest of the forest floor is still wintry

[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 2-6" high yellow or green 5 Inside is the round or ovoid spadix, a fleshy axis bearing the tiny true flowers

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
General 7–10 mm clearly grooved lengthwise, Lowest hooked hairs aligned towards crown - many {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

Sow seeds upon collection in a peaty soil kept constantly moist. Seedlings require considerable time to mature. To increase by division, dig around the dormant plant and remove it with as much of the deep-penetrating, offensive-smelling rhizome as possible. Skunk cabbage requires the whole of the growing season to mature its seeds. The fruiting spadix darkens and become spongy as it develops. In early fall, when the seeds are ripe, the spadix is often found on the ground at the base of the leaves. Remove seeds from spadix. Seeds can not be stored. [3]

Commonly seen growing in areas

In Marshes, Bogs areas.

Photo Gallery

  • Leaves

  • Leaves

  • Flowers

  • Flower

References

  1. ↑ "chemical constituents"
  2. ↑ "plant description"
  3. ↑ "Cultivation details"

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Symplocarpus_foetidus_-_Skunk_cabbage&oldid=40646"