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'''Sutherlandia frutescens''' is a southern African legume which has traditionally been used as an indigenous medicine for a variety of ailments.It is a shrub with bitter, aromatic leaves. Red-orange flowers appear in spring to mid-summer.
==Uses==
{{Uses|cancer}}, {{Uses|HIV/AIDS}}, {{Uses|TB}}, {{Uses|heartburn}}, {{Uses|gastritis}}, {{Uses|oesophagitis}}, {{Uses|joint pain}}.
==Parts Used==
{{Parts Used|Dried twigs}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
==Chemical Composition==
Seed contains anthraquinones,namely; (aurantio-obtusin, chryso-obtusin,obtusin, chrysoobtusin-2-O-beta-glucoside,physcion,emodin,chrysophanol,obtusifolin,obtusifolin-2-O-beta-D-glucoside, alaternin 2-O-β-Dglucopyranoside)15, brassinosteroids(brassinolide, castasterone, typhasterol,teasterone, and 28-norcastasterone), andmonoglycerides (monopalmitin andmonoolein)16. Phenolic glycosides such asrubrofusarin triglucoside, nor-rubrofusaringentiobioside, demethylflavasperone
gentiobioside, torachrysone gentiobioside,torachrysone tetraglucoside and torachrysoneapioglucoside were also isolated 17<ref name="chemical composition"/>
==Common names==
{{Common names|kn=āvarike|ml=|sa=Aaavartaki|ta=āvārai|te=taṃgēḍu|hi=Tarwar|en=Avaram senna}}
==Habit==
{{Habit|branched shrub}}
==Identification==
===Leaf===
{{Leaf|alternate|stipulate|The leaves are alternate, stipulate, paripinnate compound, very numerous, closely placed, rachis 8.8-12.5 cm long, narrowly furrowed, slender, pubescent, with an erect linear gland between the leaflets of each pair, leaflets 16-24, very shortly stalked 2-2.5 cm long 1-1.3 cm broad, slightly overlapping, oval oblong, obtuse, at both the ends}}.<ref name="Leaf"/>
===Flower===
{{Flower|bisexual|2.5 cm long|bright yellow|5-20|The racemes are few-flowered, short, erect, crowded in axils of upper leaves so as to form a large terminal inflorescence stamens barren; the ovary is superior, unilocular, with marginal ovules.}}
===Fruit===
{{Fruit|short legume|7.5–11 cm long, 1.5 cm broad|clearly grooved lengthwise, Lowest hooked hairs aligned towards crown|oblong, obtuse, tipped with long style base, flat, thin, papery, undulately crimpled, pilose, pale brown.|12-20 seeds}}
===Other features===
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract''
==Where to get the saplings==
==Mode of Propagation==
{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
==How to plant/cultivate==
Plants reach about 3 m height with 3.5 cm stem diameter in 2 years, in 4 years about 5 m height and 7 cm stem diameter. Flowering and fruiting is almost throughout the year, but in India there are usually two main flowering periods, one in the early monsoon and another in the late monsoon.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
{{Commonly seen|dry regions of India}}, {{Commonly seen|sea coast}}, {{Commonly seen|dry zone in Sri Lanka}}.
==Photo Gallery==
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
File:Odermennig.jpg
File:Agrimonia eupatoria02.jpg
Image:Agrimonia eupatoria MHNT.BOT.2004.0.jpg
</gallery>
==References==
<references>
<ref name="chemical composition">[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.679.2571&rep=rep1&type=pdf "Pharmacological"]</ref>
<ref name="Leaf">[http://eol.org/pages/703261/details "eol.ord"]</ref>
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.prota4u.org/database/protav8.asp?g=pe&p=Senna+auriculata+(L.)+Roxb. "prota4u"]</ref>
</references>
==External Links==
[[Category:Herbs]]
