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Salix - Willow

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[[File:Salix alba Morton.jpg|thumb|right|''Willow'']]
'''Willows''' also called sallows and osiers, form the genus Salix, around 400 species of deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Most species are known as willow, but some narrow-leaved shrub species are called osier.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Wounds}}, {{Uses|Cuts}}, {{Uses|Snakebites}}, {{Uses|Curing liver disorders}}, {{Uses|Skin eruptions}}, {{Uses|Blotches}}, {{Uses|Pimples}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|Sore throats}}
'''Willows'''==Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Dried folaige}}, also called sallows, and osiers, form the genus Salix, around 400 species of deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Most species are known as willow, but some narrow-leaved shrub species are called osier, and some broader-leaved species are referred to as sallow (from Old English sealh, related to the Latin word salix, willow). Some willows (particularly arctic and alpine species) are low-growing or creeping shrubs; for example, the dwarf willow (Salix herbacea) rarely exceeds 6 cm (2.4 in) in height, though it spreads widely across the ground{{Parts Used|Whole herb}}.
== Description Chemical Composition== Willows all have abundant watery bark sapContains volatile oils, flavonoids, which is heavily charged with salicylic acidapigenin, softluteolin, usually pliantquercetin, tough woodkaempferol, slender branchestiliroside, triterpene glycosides including euscapic acid and largetormentic acid, fibrous, often stoloniferous roots. The roots are remarkable for their toughness, sizephenolic acids, and tenacity to life, and roots readily sprout from aerial parts of the plant3%–21% tannins.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
The leaves are typically elongated==Common names=={{Common names|kn=Niranji|ml=Arali, but may also be round to ovalAtrupala|sa=|ta=Atrupalai|te=|hi=Bod, frequently with serrated edges. Most species are deciduous; semievergreen willows with coriaceous leaves are rare, e.g. Salix micans and S. australior in the eastern Mediterranean. All the buds are lateral; no absolutely terminal bud is ever formed. The buds are covered by a single scale. Usually, the bud scale is fused into a cap-like shape, but in some species it wraps around and the edges overlap. The leaves are simple, feather-veined, and typically linear-lanceolate. Usually they are serrate, rounded at base, acute or acuminate. The leaf petioles are short, the stipules often very conspicuous, resembling tiny, round leaves, and sometimes remaining for half the summer. On some species, however, they are small, inconspicuous, and caducous (soon falling). In color, the leaves show a great variety of greens, ranging from yellowish to bluish.Bains|en=Indian Willow}}
== Uses Properties== *The leaves and bark of the willow tree have been mentioned in ancient texts from AssyriaReference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Sumer and Egypt as a remedy for aches and feverKarma - Pharmacological activity, and in Ancient Greece the physician Hippocrates wrote about its medicinal properties in the fifth century BCPrabhava - Therepeutics. Native Americans across the Americas relied on it as a staple of their medical treatments.<ref name===Dravya==="uses"/>* It provides temporary pain relief.*Willow has been listed as one of the 38 substances used to prepare Bach flower remedies, a kind of alternative medicine.
===Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)===Guna===Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, Vata===Prabhava=== ==Habit=={{Habit|Herb}} ==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple||The leaves are divided into 3-6 toothed leaflets, with smaller leaflets in between}}<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|Yellow|5-20|Flowers Season is June - August}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit||7–10 mm (0.28–0.4 in.) long pome|Clearly grooved lengthwise, Lowest hooked hairs aligned towards crown|With hooked hairs|}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract'' ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==Easily grown in most soils, preferring a calcareous soil. Thrives in a dry lightly shaded position, though it prefers full sun.Plants usually self-sow quite freely when growing in a suitable position.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Tall grasslands}}, {{Commonly seen|Meadows}}, {{Commonly seen|Borders of forests and fields}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">File:Odermennig.jpgFile:Agrimonia eupatoria02.jpgImage:Agrimonia eupatoria MHNT.BOT.2004.0.jpg</gallery> == References == <references><ref name="useschemical composition">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874112006393?via%3Dihub Sciencedirect]</ref> <ref name="Leaf">[https://web.archive.org/web/20131226161459/http://www.touregyptwildflowers-guide.netcom/edwinsmithsurgical39-agrimony.htm html Wayback machine]</ref> <ref name="The Edwin Smith PapyrusHow to plant/cultivate">[http://practicalplants.org/wiki/Agrimonia_eupatoria Practical palnts]</ref>
</references>
== External Links ==* [http://www.indianmirror.com/ayurveda/agrimony.html Salix on Indianmirror.com]*[https://enwww.wikipediapfaf.org/wikiuser/Willow WillowPlant.aspx?LatinName=Agrimonia+eupatoria Salix on pfaf.org]* [https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/agrimony-herb.html Salix on herbal-supplement-resource.com]* [https://www.globalherbalsupplies.com/herb_information/agrimony.htm Salix on globalherbalsupplies.com]* [https://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/a/agrim015.html Salix on botanical.com]
[[Category:Herbs]]
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