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Quillaja saponaria - Soap bark tree

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[[File:Quillaja saponaria.jpg|thumb|right|''Quillaja saponaria'', ''Soap bark tree'']]
'''Quillaja saponaria''' is an evergreen tree in the family Quillajaceae and it is native to warm temperate central Chile.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Chest problems}}, {{Uses|Phlegm}}, {{Uses|Cough}}, {{Uses|Congested catarrh}}, {{Uses|Dandruff}}, {{Uses|Skin ulcers}}, {{Uses|Skin eruption}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}.
'''Soap bark tree''' or '''Quillaja saponaria'''==Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Wood}}, is an evergreen tree in the family Quillajaceae, native to warm temperate central Chile{{Parts Used|Bark}}.
== Description Chemical Composition== In Chile it occurs from 32 to 40° South Latitude approximately. Populations are found even 2000 m (6500 ft) above sea level. It can grow to 15–20 m (50–65 ft) in height. The tree has thickPhenolic compounds, dark barkGlucosyringic acid, smooth, leathery, shiny, oval evergreen leaves 3–5 cm long, white flowers 15 mm diameter borne in dense corymbsvanillic acid, Piscidic acid and a dry fruit with five follicles each containing 10p-20 seedscoumaric acid.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
The inner bark of ==Common names=={{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=|ta=|te=|hi=|en=Quillaja saponaria can be reduced to powder and employed as a substitute for soap, since it forms a lather with water, owing to the presence of a glucoside saponin, sometimes distinguished as quillaia saponin. It also applied as an agricultural spray adjuvant. The same, or a closely similar substance, is found in soapwort (Saponaria officinalis), in senega root (Polygala senega) and in sarsaparilla; it appears to be chemically related to digitonin, which occurs in digitalis.soapbark}}
== Uses Properties== *Soap bark tree has a long history of medicinal use with the Andean people who used it especially as a treatment for various chest problems<ref name="uses"/>*It is the source of quillaiaReference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, the extract of which is used as a food additive and as an ingredient in pharmaceuticalsVeerya - Potency, personal care productsVipaka - Post-digesion effect, and fireKarma -fighting foam. *It is used as additive for photographic films and foaming for drinks. The saponin content of the bark helps to stimulate the production of a more fluid mucus in the airwaysPharmacological activity, thus facilitating the removal of phlegm through coughingPrabhava - Therepeutics.*The wood is used in cabinetry, and scents derived from the tree are used in perfumes and cosmetics.===Dravya===
==Common name=Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)===Guna===Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, Vata===Prabhava===
* '''English''' - soap bark tree==Habit=={{Habit|Tree}}
== References Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple||Dark green, waxy, 1.5-2" leaves with slight undulation}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
===Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|Yellow|5|Insignificant yellow-green flowers in 1" clusters}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|Woody|7–10 mm|Woody, tan, pin-wheel shaped seed pods||Many}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used== ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==Requires a well-drained fertile soil in a sunny position.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Mountainous regions}}, {{Commonly seen|Western slopes of the Andes}}, {{Commonly seen|Borders of forests and fields}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">"Don quillay" - Flickr - Pato Novoa.jpg"Don quillay" Quillaja saponaria - Flickr - Pato Novoa.jpgBosque esclerófilo, Chile 001 — Inao Vásquez.jpgQuillaja Mol.JPGQuillaja saponaria (8682583504).jpgQuillaja saponaria (8682583634).jpgQuillaja saponaria (quillay) Parque Nacional La Campana.JPG</gallery> ==References==<references><ref name="useschemical composition">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25625186 Phenolic constituents]</ref><ref name="Leaf">Soap bark [https://www.fuf.net/tree/soapbark-tree has a long history of medicinal use with the Andean people who used it especially as a treatment for various chest problems/ Plant description]</ref><ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Quillaja+saponaria Cultivation details]</ref>
</references>
== External Links == *[https://enwww.sciencedirect.wikipediacom/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/quillaja-saponaria Quillaja saponaria on science direct]* [http://practicalplants.org/wiki/Quillaja_saponaria Quillaja saponaria - wikipediaon practical plants.org]* [https://www.drugs.com/npp/quillaja.html Quillaja saponaria on plants with drugs.com]* [https://www.anniesannuals.com/plants/view/?id=3228 Quillaja saponaria on annies annuals.com]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Quillajaceae]]
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