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Premna serratifolia - Ganakasika

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[[File:665px-Premna serratifolia 05.JPG|thumb|right|''Ganakasika'', ''Premna serratifolia'']]
'''Premna serratifolia''' is a small shrub in the Verbenaceae family. It flowers and fruits between May and November. During flowering season, it attracts a large number of butterflies and bees.
'''Ganakasika''' or '''Premna serratifolia''' is a small tree/shrub in the Verbenaceae family. It flowers and fruits between May and November. During flowering season==Uses=={{Uses|Fever}}, it attracts a large number of butterflies and bees.{{Uses|Arthritis}}, {{Uses|Colic}}, {{Uses|Flatulence}}, {{Uses|Cough}}, {{Uses|Headaches}}, {{Uses|Backaches}}, {{Uses|Neuralgi}}, {{Uses|Sore throats}}
== Description Parts Used== Trees, to 7 m high. {{Parts Used|Leaves simple, opposite, estipulate; petiole 4–14 mm, slender, pubescent, grooved above; lamina 2.5-8.5 x 2-7.2 cm, elliptic, elliptic-oblong, base acute, obtuse, subcordate or rounded, apex acuminate, mucronate, obtuse, margin entire or subserrate, glabrous above except along the appressed midrib, chartaceous; lateral nerves 3-5 pair, pinnate, prominent, puberulous beneath; intercostae reticulate, obscure. Flowers bisexual, greenish-white, in terminal corymbose panicled cymes; bracts small; calyx small campanulate, 2 lipped, 5 lobed; corolla tube short, villous inside, lobes 5; stamens 4, didynamous, inserted below the throat of the corolla tube; anther ovate; ovary superior, 2-4-celled, ovules 4; style linear; stigma shortly bifid. Fruit a drupe, seated on the calyx}}, globose{{Parts Used|Seeds}}, purple; seeds oblong{{Parts Used|Ripe fruits}}.
== Uses Chemical Composition==P-methoxy cinnamic acid, linalool, linoleic acid, β-sitosterol and flavone luteolin, iridoid glycoside, premnine, ganiarine and ganikarine, premnazole, aphelandrine, pentacyclic terpene betulin, caryophellen, premnenol, premna spirodiene, clerodendrin-A, etc., phytoconstituents in its various parts<ref name="chemical composition"/>
#The leaves and roots are used in traditional medicine as a diuretic, stomachic and febrifuge.<ref name="uses"/>=Common names==#The root has a warm bitter taste and agreeable smell{{Common names|kn=ಅಗ್ನಿಮನ್ಥ Agnimantha|ml= Appa |sa=Agni-mantha, it is prescribed in decoction as a gentle cordial and stomachic in fevers.#The leaves are used as a galactagogueArani|ta=Pacu-munnai, and also to treat rheumatic arthritis; colic and flatulence; coughsMunnai|te=Bhairavi|hi=Arani|en=Headache tree, headaches and fevers. The leaves,combined with those of morinda citrifoliaSpinous fire brand teak|mr=Arani, are squeezed into water and the solution drunk twice a day to treat severe malarial fevers.A steam bath made from the leaves and young stems is breathed in as a treatment for fevers. The cooled solution is then used to bathe the body.#The leaves are boiled into medicinal tea that is reputed to have analgesic effects. This home remedy is used mostly in the treatment of backaches.#A tea made from the boiled bark is used to treat neuralgia. Ranatakali}}
== References Properties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya===
===Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)===Guna===Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, Vata===Prabhava=== ==Habit=={{Habit|Shrub}} ==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|Opposite|Petiole 4-14 mm, slender, pubescent, grooved above}}<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Bisexual|2-4cm long|Greenish-white|4|Flowers Season is June - August}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|General|7–10 mm|Fruit a drupe, seated on the calyx, globose, purple||Seeds oblong}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used== ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==Found in the wild on sandy soils and limestone<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Forest regrowth}}, {{Commonly seen|At brushwood and hedges}}, {{Commonly seen|Near to sea area}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">Agni-mantha (Sanskrit- अग्निमन्थ) (5928858017).jpgArani (Hindi- अरणी) (5928846965).jpgArani (Marathi- अरणि) (5929406812).jpgBhairavi (Telugu- భైరవి) (5928849321).jpgHeadache Tree (Premna serratifolia) 1.jpgHeadache Tree (Premna serratifolia) 2.jpgHeadache Tree (Premna serratifolia).jpgMunja.JPG</gallery> ==References== <references><ref name="useschemical composition">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4623632/ Phytochemistry]</ref> <ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/230814 Diagnostic description]</ref> <ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Premna+serratifolia "Premna serratifolia-Useful Tropical Plants"Cultivation Details]</ref>
</references>
== External Links ==* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277598004_Study_on_the_chemical_constituents_of_Premna_integrifolia_L Study on the chemical constituents of Premna integrifolia L]* [https://www.ayurtimes.com/agnimantha-premna-integrifolia/ Premna serratifolia on ayurtimes.com]* [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13880209.2017.1323225 Premna serratifolia on Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of the genus Premna]* [http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:864424-1 Premna serratifolia on Powo.science.kew.org]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premna_serratifolia Premna serratifolia-Wikipedia]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have flower, fruit and leaf photos]]
[[Category:Lamiaceae]]
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