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[[File:665px-Premna serratifolia 02a05.JPG|thumb|right|''Ganakasika'', ''Premna serratifolia'']]'''Premna serratifolia''' is a small shrub in the Verbenaceae family. It flowers and fruits between May and November. During flowering season, it attracts a large number of butterflies and bees. ==Uses=={{Uses|Fever}}, {{Uses|Arthritis}}, {{Uses|Colic}}, {{Uses|Flatulence}}, {{Uses|Cough}}, {{Uses|Headaches}}, {{Uses|Backaches}}, {{Uses|Neuralgi}}, {{Uses|Sore throats}} ==Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Seeds}}, {{Parts Used|Ripe fruits}}. ==Chemical Composition==P-methoxy cinnamic acid, linalool, linoleic acid, β-sitosterol and flavone luteolin, iridoid glycoside, premnine, ganiarine and ganikarine, premnazole, aphelandrine, pentacyclic terpene betulin, caryophellen, premnenol, premna spirodiene, clerodendrin-A, etc., phytoconstituents in its various parts<ref name="chemical composition"/> ==Common names=={{Common names|kn=ಅಗ್ನಿಮನ್ಥ Agnimantha|ml= Appa |sa=Agni-mantha, Arani|ta=Pacu-munnai, Munnai|te=Bhairavi|hi=Arani|en=Headache tree, Spinous fire brand teak|mr=Arani, Ranatakali}} ==Properties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya=== ===Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)===Guna===Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, Vata===Prabhava=== ==Habit=={{Habit|Shrub}} ==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|Opposite|Petiole 4-14 mm, slender, pubescent, grooved above}}<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Bisexual|2-4cm long|Greenish-white|4|Flowers Season is June - August}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|General|7–10 mm|Fruit a drupe, seated on the calyx, globose, purple||Seeds oblong}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used== ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==Found in the wild on sandy soils and limestone<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Forest regrowth}}, {{Commonly seen|At brushwood and hedges}}, {{Commonly seen|Near to sea area}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">Agni-mantha (Sanskrit- अग्निमन्थ) (5928858017).jpgArani (Hindi- अरणी) (5928846965).jpgArani (Marathi- अरणि) (5929406812).jpgBhairavi (Telugu- భైరవి) (5928849321).jpgHeadache Tree (Premna serratifolia) 1.jpgHeadache Tree (Premna serratifolia) 2.jpgHeadache Tree (Premna serratifolia).jpgMunja.JPG</gallery> ==References== <references> <ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4623632/ Phytochemistry]</ref> <ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/230814 Diagnostic description]</ref> <ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Premna+serratifolia Cultivation Details]</ref></references> ==External Links==* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277598004_Study_on_the_chemical_constituents_of_Premna_integrifolia_L Study on the chemical constituents of Premna integrifolia L]* [https://www.ayurtimes.com/agnimantha-premna-integrifolia/ Premna serratifolia on ayurtimes.com]* [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13880209.2017.1323225 Premna serratifolia on Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of the genus Premna]* [http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:864424-1 Premna serratifolia on Powo.science.kew.org]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have flower, fruit and leaf photos]]
[[Category:Lamiaceae]]
