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[[File:Myristica Fragrans - ജാതിതൈ.JPG|thumb|right]]'''Quercus infectoria''' ('''Aleppo oak''') is a species of oak, bearing galls that have been traditionally used for centuries in Asia medicinally. Quercus infectoria or locally known as Manjakani in Malaysia

== Description Uses== Aleppo oak is a small tree native of Greece and Asia Minor{{Uses|Bleeding piles}}, {{Uses|Rectal bleeding}}, {{Uses|Irritable bowel syndrome}}, {{Uses|Liver disorders}}, {{Uses|Rectal prolapse}}, {{Uses|Uterine prolapse}}, {{Uses|Leucorrhea}}, {{Uses|Vaginitis}}, {{Uses|Toothache}}, {{Uses|Headache}}, {{Uses|Dysentery}}, with four to six feet in height. The stems are crooked{{Uses|Pimples}}, shrubby looking with smooth and bright-green leaves borne on short petioles of 1 to 1.5 inches long. The leaves are bluntly mucronate{{Uses|Cracked foot}}, rounded{{Uses|Impotence}}, smooth{{Uses|Toothache}}, unequal at the base and shiny on the upper side. Meanwhile{{Uses|Insomnia}},Quercus infectoria galls are corrugated and can be used as a thickener in stews or mixed with cereals for making bread{{Uses|Cough}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>.

== Uses Parts Used== *The galls arise on young branches of this tree as a result of attacks by gall wasps.*Also known as Majuphal in Indian traditional medicine{{Parts Used|Leaves}}, manjakani has been used as dental powder and in the treatment of toothache and gingivitis.{{Parts Used|Jakayi}}<ref name="usesKarnataka Medicinal Plants"/>*Nowadays, gallnut extracts are also widely used in pharmaceuticals, food and feed additives, dyes, inks, and metallurgy.

==Chemical Composition==Gallic Acid & Tannic Acid are found in Manjakani<ref name="chemical composition"/> ==Common names=={{Common names|kn=ಜಾಕಾಯಿ Jakayi, ಜಾತೀಫಲ Jatiphala |ml=Majakaanee, Mashikkay|sa=Mayaphala, Majuphul|ta=Machakaai, Masikki|te=Machikaaya|hi=Maajoophal, Majuphal|en=Oak Galls, Magic Nuts}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/> ==Properties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya=== ===Rasa===Kashaya (Astringent)===Guna===Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry)===Veerya===Sheeta (cold)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, Pitta===Prabhava=== ==Habit=={{Habit|Shrub}} ==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|Alternate|Estipulate; petiole 9-15 mm long, slender, grooved above, glabrous; lamina 9-18 x 2.5-6 cm, elliptic}}<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual||Yellow|9-12|Male flowers: 3-5 in axillary cymes, urceolate; pedicels drooping; bracts deciduous; bracteoles persistent. Flowering from June to September}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|Fleshy capsule|5 cm||Aril red, lacinate; seed brown|Fruiting from June to September}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==[[Dadimavaleha]], [[Nasika churna]], [[Mrita sanjeevani gulika]], [[Agnisandipana rasa]], [[Arimedaadi Taila]], [[Ashwagandhaadi rasaayana]], [[Ashwinikumaara rasa]], [[Ardakaandava Lehya]], [[Aaditya rasa]], [[Ananda Bairava rasa]], [[Aarogyakara Kasturi Maatre]], [[Eranda Paaka]], [[Karpoora Rasa]], [[Karpooraadi Churna]], [[Karpooraadi Rasa]], [[Kasturyadi Gutika]], [[Coughlet]], [[Kaamini Vidraavan rasa]], [[Kumariyaasava]], [[Khadiraarishta]], [[Chandanaadi Taila]], [[Jatiphalaadi Churna]], [[Jirakaarishta]]<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/> ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==Seed - best sown when fresh. Germination usually takes place in 5 - 6 weeks. Seed in the shell takes some 4 - 6 weeks to germinate.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Evergreen forest}}, {{Commonly seen|Western ghats}} ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">Myristica Fragrans - ജാതിക്ക-2.JPGMyristica Fragrans - ജാതിക്കകൾ.JPGMyristica Fragrans - ജാതിമരം.JPGMyristica Fragrans - ജാതിക്കക്കുരുകൾ.JPGFile:Muscade.jpg|SeedFile:ജാതിമരത്തിന്റെ പൂവ്.jpg|FlowerFile:Myristica fragrans Houtt. (6935160279).jpg|FlowerFile:NozMoscada4.jpg|Leaf</gallery> == References == <references> <ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.ayurtimes.com/quercus-infectoria-manjakani-majuphal-benefits-uses-side-effects/ Phytochemistry]</ref> <referencesref name="Leaf">[https://ayusri.com/eherb-Majuphala Morphology]</ref><ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2014/11/26/jaiphal-nutmeg-myristica-fragrans-uses-dose-side-effects/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref> <ref name="How to plant/cultivate">Kottakkal AVS[http://tropical.theferns. (1995)info/viewtropical. Indian php?id=Myristica+fragrans CULTIVATION PRACTICES]</ref> <ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants">”Karnataka Medicinal PlantsVolume-3” by Dr. 4M. R. Orient Longman LtdGurudeva, Page No.470, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #6/7, Kaalika Soudha, Balepete cross, Bengaluru</ref>

== External Links ==* [https://www.ayurtimes.com/quercus-infectoria-manjakani-majuphal-benefits-uses-side-effects/ Myristica fragrans on ayurtimes.com]*[https://enwww.wikipediabimbima.orgcom/wikiherbs/Quercus_infectoria Quercus infectoria majuphal-oak-galls-information-medicinal-uses-and-side- Wikipediaeffects/60/ Myristica fragrans on ayurtimes.com]