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Holarrhena pubescens - Indrayavah, Kutajah

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→‎List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used
[[File:Flower-01-KayEss-1Holarrhena pubescens flowers W IMG 0292.jpegjpg|thumb|right| "Girimallika"]]'''Holarrhena pubescens''' is a deciduous shrub or tree with fragrant white flowers and abundant white latex in all its parts. It grows up to 10 metres tall. An important medicinal plant in the tropics, it is gathered from the wild for its wide range of medicinal and other uses. The plant is sometimes cultivated for medicinal purposes, the root bark is sold in local markets.==Uses=={{Uses|Scabies}}, {{Uses|Ringworm}}, {{Uses|Itching}}, {{Uses|Arthritis}}, {{Uses|Osteoarthritis}}, {{Uses|Bleeding piles}}, {{Uses|Colic}}, {{Uses|Urinary tract infection}}, {{Uses|Vomiting}}, {{Uses|Kidney stone}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>.
===Food===
Indrayavah sabdariffa can be used in Food. Leaves are cooked as vegetable, fruits eaten raw.<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>
'''Girimallika''' ==Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|Seeds}}, {{Parts Used|Leaf}}<ref name="GirimallikaKarnataka Medicinal Plants"/> is the coral swirl or tellicherry bark, is a [[flowering plant]] in the genus Wrightia. The botanical name of '''Girimallika''' is Wrightia antidysenterica. It has long been known in Indian Ayurvedic tradition. It is known in Sanskrit as kuṭaja, Girimallika or ambika. It is also known as "white angel" in the Philippines.
==Chemical Composition==
Chemical analysis of H. pubescens extracts revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds, such as Conessine, Isoconnessine, Conessimine, Conimine, Conessidine, Conkurchicine, Holarrhimine, Conarrhimine, Mokluangin A-D and Antidysentericine<ref name="chemical composition"/>
==Medicinal useCommon names=={{Common names|kn=Koodsaloo, Kodumuruka, Girimallige, Haale, Halagatti|ml=Kutakappaala|sa=Indrayava, Kutaja, Girije, Girimallika|ta=Kirimllikai|te=Girimallika|hi=Karva indrajau, Kurchi, Kuda|en=Indrajao, Easter tre, Ivari tree}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>
It is useeful for treating intestinal paralysis==Properties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya===
==Common name=Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)===Guna===Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry)===Veerya===Sheeta (cold)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Pitta, Kapha===Prabhava===
*'''English''' ===Nutritional components===Holarrhena pubescens Contains the Following nutritional components like - Vitamin-C; Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Potassium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Zinc<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/> ==Habit=={{Habit|Deciduous shrub}} ==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|Ovate|Oppositely arranges, ovate, obtusely acuminate leaves are 10-20 cm long}}<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual|5-15 cm|White|5-20|Flowers have five white petals 2- 3 cm long which turn creamish yellow as they age. Flowering from March to May and July to November}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|Simple|7–10 mm|Clearly grooved lengthwise, Lowest hooked hairs aligned towards crown||Many|Fruiting from March to May and July to November}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==[[Atrisaar]], [[Amritaarishta]], [[Abhayaarishta]], [[Amibika]], [[Entostal]], [[Ovoutoline]], [[Kantakaaryava Leha]], [[Krimakutaar Ras]], [[Kutajaarishta]], [[Chavanapraash Lehyam]], [[Chopachinaadi Churna]], [[Devavati]], [[Diarex]], [[Dashamulaarishta]], [[Mahaayogaraaja Guggulu]], [[Vidangaarishta]], [[Vidangaasava]], [[Sandarshana Vati]], [[Mahavalyati Lehya]], [[Paramgi Rasaayanam]]<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/> ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==Holarrhena pubescens can be propagated by seed, either by direct sowing or by raising seedlings in a nursery<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>. It is available through February to September<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>. ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Wild in mountains}}, {{Commonly seen|Meadows}}, {{Commonly seen|Borders of forests and fields}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">Bitter Oleander (4780333754).jpg  ConessiBark (752238509).jpg  *'''Kannada''' Dysentery Rose- ಕೋಡುಸೀಗೆbay (4780316660).jpg  Easter tree (485385336).jpg  *'''Hindi''' Girimallika (Telugu- करची గిరిమల్లిక) (2428057037).jpg  Holarrhena antidysenterica leaves.jpg
== References ==
Holarrhena antidysenterica.jpg </gallery> ==References==<references><ref name="Girimallikachemical composition">Journal Article from Bio-Molecules - Metabolic Diversity and Therapeutic Potential of Holarrhena pubescens: An Important Ethnomedicinal Plant</ref><ref name="Leaf">[http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Indrajao.html Plant description]</ref><ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2013/10/17/kutaja-benefits-usage-dose-side-effects-ayurveda-details/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref><ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://enuses.wikipediaplantnet-project.org/wikien/Wrightia_antidysenterica wikipediaHolarrhena_pubescens_(PROTA) Cultivation Details]</ref><ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat">"Forest food for Northern region of Western Ghats" by Dr. Mandar N. Datar and Dr. Anuradha S. Upadhye, Page No.92, Published by Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science (MACS) Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road, Pune</ref><ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants">”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume-3” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.343, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #6/7, Kaalika Soudha, Balepete cross, Bengaluru</ref>
</references>
 
==External Links==
* [http://www.planetayurveda.com/library/kutaja-holarrhena-antidysenterica Holarrhena antidysenterica on planet ayurveda]
* [http://www.homeremediess.com/holarrhena-antidysenterica-medicinal-benefits-and-images/ Holarrhena Antidysenterica Medicinal Benefits And Images]
* [https://herbs.indianmedicinalplants.info/index.php/964-holarrhena-antidysenterica Holarrhena antidysenterica-Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants Herbs]
* [https://www.ayurtimes.com/holarrhena-antidysenterica-pubescens-kurchi-kutaj/ Holarrhena antidysenterica on ayur times.org]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
[[Category:Apocynaceae]]
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