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Calophyllum inophyllum - Punnaga

109 bytes removed, 3 years ago
Common names
[[File:Calophyllum-inophyllum06.jpg|thumb|right|''Punnaga'', ''Calophyllum inophyllum'']]
'''Punnaga'''is a moderate sized tree with smooth and shining oppositely arranged leaves. The fruits are used to make oil. Calophyllum inophyllum usually occurs naturally all along the coast, on beaches and further inland as well. 
==Uses==
{{Uses|Gastritis}}, {{Uses|Nasal bleeding}}, {{Uses|Psychiatric disorders}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|Ulcer}}, {{Uses|Dysentery}}, {{Uses|Urinary tract infection}}
==Parts Used==
{{Parts Used|SeedSeeds}}, {{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|Oil}}
==Chemical Composition==
Calophyllolide, a complex 5-Phcoumarin isolated from nuts, showed antiarrhythmic (as effective as quinidine), bradycardiac coronary dilator, and anticoagulant, also anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity. <ref name="Chemical composition"/>
==Common names==
{{Common names|kn=honne kaayi maraಹೊನ್ನೆ Honne, naameruಹೂಹೊನ್ನೆ Huhonne, marasurahonneನಮೇರು ಮರ Nameru mara|ml=ceruppunaCeruppuna, ponnakumPonnakum, pounaPouna, punna|sa=namaeruakNamaeruak, panchakaesheraPanchakaeshera, punnagaPunnaga|ta=cayantakamCayantakam, punnagamPunnagam, punnaiPunnai-maram|te=naameruNaameru, nameruNameru, ponnaPonna, ponna Ponna chettu|hi=sultanachampaSultanachampa, surpunkaSurpunka, undiUndi|en=Alexanrian laurel|mr= Punnaga, Undi }}
<ref name="Common names"/>
==Identification==
===Leaf===
{{Leaf|Simple|Opposite|Leaves broadly elliptic-oblong or obovate, cuneate to rounded at base, slightly recurved and margined, rounded, acute, slightly emarginate, retuse or sub-acute at apex, 6-15 x 3-10.5 cm, coriaceous, glabrous; midnerve channelled above; raised beneath; lateral nerves 4-20 pairs; petioles flat, 1-1.7 cm long, glabrous.}}
<ref name="Leaf"/>
===Flower===
{{Flower|Bisexual|axillary Axillary racemes|whiteWhite||Flowers polygamous, 2-2.5 cm across, white, fragrant; bracts ovate, 3-4 mm long, caducous; pedicels 1-3 cm long, glabrous. Sepals 4, reflexed; outer pair ovate to suborbicular, concave, 5.5-6.5 x 4.5-6.5 mm, nerved; the inner subelliptic, 9-15 x 7.5-9.5 mm, petaloid, nerved. Petals usually 4, rarely 3 or 5, obovate to elliptic or oblong, reflexed, 9-12 x 5-9 mm, rarely glabrous, nerved. Stamens (175-) 210-360(-440); filaments 3.5-5.5 mm long, connate for 1.5 mm into 4-6 bundles, cream coloured; anthers rounded or retuse at apex, 0.7-2 mm long. Ovary globose-depressed, 2.5-3 x 2.8-3 mm, stipitate; style 4.5-6.5 mm long; stigmas peltate, 3-5 radiate, 0.7-2 mm across. }}
===Fruit===
{{Fruit|Drupe|2.5-5 x 2.5-4 cm| smoothSmooth; stone subglobose, ca 2 cm across. ||}}
===Other features===
==How to plant/cultivate==
 
===Season to grow===
==Photo Gallery==
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
FileImage:Starr 010309Calophyllum-inophyllum01.jpg|HabitImage:Starr_010309-0546 0546_Calophyllum_inophyllum.jpg|FlowerImage:Calophyllum -inophyllum03.jpg|Flower and leavesImage:Callophyllum inophyllum.jpgJPG|Flower and leavesFileImage:Calophyllum-inophyllum03inophyllum04.jpg|Worn at July 4th Parade in HawaiiFileImage:Calophyllum-inophyllum05.jpg|FruitsFileImage:Calophyllum inophyllum Blanco2-inophyllum06.256.pngjpg|Fruits
</gallery>
<ref name="Uses">[https://easyayurveda.com/2015/04/23/punnaga-calophyllum-inophyllum-uses-research-side-effects/ Uses]</ref>
<ref name="Leaf">[http://keralaplants.in/ BOTANIC DESCRIPTION]</ref>
<ref name="Chemical composition">[http://gbpihedenvis.nic.in/PDFs/Glossary_Medicinal_Plants_Springer.pdf Chemical composition]</ref>
 
<ref name="Common names">[http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search Vernacular names]</ref>
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Tree]]
[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
[[Category:Clusiaceae]]
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