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Boerhavia diffusa - Punarnava

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[[File:Boerhaavia diffusa.jpg|thumb|right|''Punarnava'', ''Boerhavia diffusa'']]
'''Punarnava''' is a species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family which is commonly known as punarnava. It is taken in herbal medicine for pain relief and other uses. The leaves of punarnava are often used as a green vegetable in many parts of India. It's family is Nyctaginaceae.<ref name="Plant family"/>
==Uses==
{{Uses|Obesity}}, {{Uses|Dropsy}}, {{Uses|Blood pressure}}, {{Uses|Gastric disturbances}}, {{Uses|Asthma}}, {{Uses|Jaundice}}, {{Uses|Anascara}}, {{Uses|Anaemia}}, {{Uses|Internal inflammation}}, {{Uses|Indurated liver}}
'''Punarnava''' is a species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family which is commonly known as punarnava (meaning that which rejuvenates or renews the body in Ayurveda),<ref name="int"/> red spiderling=Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Roots}}, spreading hogweed{{Parts Used|Seeds}}, or tarvine. It is taken in herbal medicine for pain relief and other uses. The leaves of B. diffusa are often used as a green vegetable in many parts of India.{{Parts Used|Leaves}}
== Description Chemical Composition==Major components are sitosterol, Esters of sitosterol, Punarnavine, Boerhaavia acid, Boeravinone, Palmitic acid and many other compounds are present in this plant.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
Boerhavia diffusa is widely dispersed==Common names=={{Common names|kn=Gonajali, occurring throughout IndiaKommegida|ml=Talutama, the PacificTamilama|sa=Punarnavah, and southern United States. This wide range is explained by its small fruitRaktakanda|ta=Caranai, which are very sticky and grow a few inches off the groundCaranai ver|te=Ambati madu, ideally placed to latch on to small migratory birds as they walk by.Atikamamidi|hi=Varshbhu|en=Red spiderling}}
Punarnava is widely used as a green leafy vegetable in many Asian and African countries. B. diffusa can be used as a fodder for livestock==Properties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, but has the potential for contaminating seed stocksVipaka - Post-digesion effect, and may harbor pathogens for certain cropsKarma - Pharmacological activity, such as eggplantsPrabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya===
== Uses =Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent), Madhura (Sweet)===Guna===Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Pitta, Kapha===Prabhava===
The herb has other benefits like:==Habit=={{Habit|Perennial plant}}
*Helps in maintaining the functioning of the kidney==Identification==*Maintains health of the urinary tract===Leaf===*It helps in improving the liver functioning and also the respiratory health*It supports the body’s ability to expel the fluids from the body*It the best known natural management for relieving the problem of weight loss.{{Leaf|Simple|Ovate-cordiform|Leaf Arrangement is Opposite}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
==Common name=Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual||Pink|5-20|In terminal or axillary panicles of umbellate or capitate clusters}}
* '''English''' - Red spiderling* '''Kannada''' - ಕೊಮ್ಮೆ ===Fruit===* '''Hindi''' {{Fruit|Club- वर्षाभूshaped anthocarp|7–10 mm (0.28–0.4 in.) long pome|Fruiting throughout the year|With hooked hairs|}}
== References =Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==*[[Punarnavaadi mandura]] ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation== {{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.<references>==How to plant/cultivate==Boerhavia diffusa is widespread through much of the tropics and the subtropics and has also become naturalized in parts of the temperate zone Prefers a sunny position and a well-drained soil.<ref name="intHow to plant/cultivate"/>[http: ==Season to grow==April-May ==Required Ecosystem//wwwClimate==It cannot grow in the shade.phytojournalIt prefers dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought.com<ref name="Required Ecosystem/vol1Issue1Climate"/Issue_may_2012/5> ==Kind of soil needed==Light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils and prefers well-drained soil. ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Open places near the sea}}, {{Commonly seen|Dry river valleys}}, {{Commonly seen|Along roadsides}}, {{Commonly seen|Warm river valleys}}.pdf  ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="Traditional Indian Herbs: Punarnava and Its Medicinal Importance140px"]</ref></references>File:Boerhavia diffusa flower.jpg|Leaves
== External Links ==File:Boerhavia diffusa in AP W IMG 8081.jpg|FlowersFile:Plume moth on Boerhavia diffusa W IMG 1002.jpg|FlowersFile:Boerhavia diffusa fruits.jpg|FruitsFile:തഴുതാമ.jpg|Hole plant</gallery>
==References==<references> <ref name="chemical composition">[http://www.phytojournal.com/vol1Issue1/Issue_may_2012/5.pdf Chemical constituents]</ref><ref name="Leaf">[https://enindiabiodiversity.org/species/show/32997 Morphology]</ref><ref name="Plant family">Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:07</ref><ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.wikipediatheferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Boerhavia+diffusa Cultivation Details]</ref><ref name="Required Ecosystem/Climate">[https://pfaf.org/wikiUser/Boerhavia_diffusa Plant.aspx?LatinName=Boerhavia +diffusa-WikipediaRequired Ecosystem/Climate]</ref></references>
==External Links==
* [https://examine.com/supplements/boerhaavia-diffusa/ Summary of Boerhaavia diffusa]
* [https://easyayurveda.com/2014/11/17/punarnava-boerhavia-diffusa-benefits-dose-side-effects/ Benefits, dose, side effects]
* [https://www.prota4u.org/database/protav8.asp?g=pe&p=Boerhavia+diffusa+L. Boerhavia diffusa on porta4U record display.org]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Nyctaginaceae]]
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