Changes

 '''Black Cohosh''' ''Actaea racemosa '' has been used by Native Americans for more than two '''two hundred years''', after they discovered the root of the plant helped relieve '''menstrual cramps''' and '''symptoms of menopause'''. These days it is still used for menopausal symptoms such as hot ''flashes/flushes'', ''irritability, mood swings'' and ''sleep disturbances''.

{{Uses|Tentex forteKidney problems}}, {{Uses|Muscle & Joint RubMalaria}}, {{Uses|Impotency & Erectile dysfunctionRheumatoid arthritis}}, {{Uses|DiarrhoeaJoint inflammation}}, {{Uses|Pharyngitis & Sore Throat}}, {{Uses|Toothache}}, {{Uses|Pyorrhea}}, {{Uses|Common Coldthroat}}, {{Uses|Childhood apraxia of speechMenstrual cramps}}, {{Uses|Delayed Speech DevelopmentMenopause}}.

{{Parts Used|Dried Roots}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|FlowerFlowers}}.

Analysis Black cohosh contains cimicifugin (macrotin) which has shown a brown, resinous, acrid substance, insoluble estrogenic effects. Also found in potassium hydroxide assay are acetein (antihypertensive effects) and probably containing pelletonin, two oils soluble in potassium hydroxide ferulic/isoferulic acids (anti- one dark brown and acridinflammatory effects). The following components can also be found: isoflavones, the other yellow - tanninsalicyclic acid, gumtannins, potassium sulphate and carbonateresins, potassium chloridestarch, calcium phosphate and carbonate, silica, alumina, lignin, etc. An alkaloid, Pyrethrine, yielding pyrethric acid, is stated to be the active principle.sugars<ref name="chemical composition"/>

{{Common names|kn=|ml=Akkarakaaram|sa=Akarkarabh|ta=|te=|hi=Akarkara|en=PellitoryBlack snake root, Bugbane}} ==Properties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya=== ===Rasa=== ===Guna=== ===Veerya=== ===Vipaka=== ===Karma=== ===Prabhava===

{{Leaf|Smoothlarge|Alternate, Pinnate|The leaves are with deeply-cut segments}}<ref name="Leaf"/>

{{Commonly seen|MediterranianAt dry locations}}, {{Commonly seen|HimalayasAt hedges}}, {{Commonly seen|Arabian countriesForest clearings}}..

File:Anacyclus pyrethrum depressus habitus1Cimicifuga racemosa 001.jpg|VarWhole herbFile:Cimicifuga racemosa 002. ''depressus''jpg|LeavesFile:Anacyclus pyrethrum depressus openActaea racemosa 002.jpgJPG|StemFile:Actaea racemosa 003.JPG|FlowersFile:Actaea racemosa 001.JPG|same plant, flower detailWhole herbFile:Anacyclus pyrethrum depressus closedActaea racemosa 004.jpgJPG|VarFruitsFile:Actaea racemosa 006. ''depressus'', flowers closedJPG|Fruits

<ref name="chemical composition">[httpshttp://www.daburchiro.comorg/in/en-usnutrition/aboutABSTRACTS/science-of-ayurveda/herbal-medicinal-plants/akarkara-plant What_is_Black_Cohosh.shtml "dabur medicinal plantsChemical Composition"]</ref><ref name="Leaf">[https://www.bimbima.com/ayurveda/medicinal-use-of-akarkara-spilanthes-acmella/1383/ "BimbimaPlant Description"]</ref><ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actaea_racemosa "wikipedeaCultivation"]</ref>