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Created page with "thumb|right|''Sambucus nigra'', ''Elderberry'' '''Sambucus nigra''' is a species complex of flowering plants in the family Adoxaceae native to..."
[[File:Sambucus nigra 004.jpg|thumb|right|''Sambucus nigra'', ''Elderberry'']]
'''Sambucus nigra''' is a species complex of flowering plants in the family Adoxaceae native to most of Europe and North America. Common names include elder, elderberry, black elder, European elder, European elderberry and European black elderberry.<ref name="int"/> It grows in a variety of conditions including both wet and dry fertile soils, primarily in sunny locations.
== Description ==
It is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to 6 m (20 ft) tall and wide (rarely 10m tall). The bark, light grey when young, changes to a coarse grey outer bark with lengthwise furrowing. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, 10–30 cm long, pinnate with five to seven (rarely nine) leaflets, the leaflets 5–12 cm long and 3–5 cm broad, with a serrated margin.
The hermaphrodite flowers are borne in large, flat corymbs 10–25 cm diameter in late spring to mid summer, the individual flowers ivory white, 5–6 mm diameter, with five petals; they are pollinated by flies.
The fruit is a glossy dark purple to black berry 3–5 mm diameter, produced in drooping clusters in late autumn; they are an important food for many fruit-eating birds, notably blackcaps.
== Uses ==
*This plant is used as a medicinal plant by native peoples and herbalists.<ref name="uses"/> Stembark, leaves, flowers, fruits, and root extracts are used in bronchitis, cough, upper respiratory cold infections, and fever.[Clarification needed]
*Sambucus nigra fruits and flowers have been used in traditional Austrian medicine - internally (fruits as tea, jelly, juice, or syrup; flowers as tea or syrup) for treatment of disorders of the respiratory tract, mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and skin, and for viral infections, fever, colds, and influenza.<ref name="uses2"/>
*The berries are edible after cooking and can be used to make jam, jelly, chutney and Pontack sauce.
== References ==
<references>
<ref name="int">[https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=SANI4 Sambucus nigra at USDA PLANTS Database]</ref>
<ref name="uses">[http://offroadinghome.djmed.net/resources/plants2.htm "Mojave Desert Large Shrubs and Vines"]</ref>
<ref name="uses2">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791396/ "Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine - An unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs"]</ref>
</references>
== External Links ==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambucus_nigra Sambucus nigra]
[[Category:Herbs]]
'''Sambucus nigra''' is a species complex of flowering plants in the family Adoxaceae native to most of Europe and North America. Common names include elder, elderberry, black elder, European elder, European elderberry and European black elderberry.<ref name="int"/> It grows in a variety of conditions including both wet and dry fertile soils, primarily in sunny locations.
== Description ==
It is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to 6 m (20 ft) tall and wide (rarely 10m tall). The bark, light grey when young, changes to a coarse grey outer bark with lengthwise furrowing. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, 10–30 cm long, pinnate with five to seven (rarely nine) leaflets, the leaflets 5–12 cm long and 3–5 cm broad, with a serrated margin.
The hermaphrodite flowers are borne in large, flat corymbs 10–25 cm diameter in late spring to mid summer, the individual flowers ivory white, 5–6 mm diameter, with five petals; they are pollinated by flies.
The fruit is a glossy dark purple to black berry 3–5 mm diameter, produced in drooping clusters in late autumn; they are an important food for many fruit-eating birds, notably blackcaps.
== Uses ==
*This plant is used as a medicinal plant by native peoples and herbalists.<ref name="uses"/> Stembark, leaves, flowers, fruits, and root extracts are used in bronchitis, cough, upper respiratory cold infections, and fever.[Clarification needed]
*Sambucus nigra fruits and flowers have been used in traditional Austrian medicine - internally (fruits as tea, jelly, juice, or syrup; flowers as tea or syrup) for treatment of disorders of the respiratory tract, mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and skin, and for viral infections, fever, colds, and influenza.<ref name="uses2"/>
*The berries are edible after cooking and can be used to make jam, jelly, chutney and Pontack sauce.
== References ==
<references>
<ref name="int">[https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=SANI4 Sambucus nigra at USDA PLANTS Database]</ref>
<ref name="uses">[http://offroadinghome.djmed.net/resources/plants2.htm "Mojave Desert Large Shrubs and Vines"]</ref>
<ref name="uses2">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791396/ "Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine - An unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs"]</ref>
</references>
== External Links ==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambucus_nigra Sambucus nigra]
[[Category:Herbs]]
