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Santalum album - Anindita

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[[File:SantalumAlbumSapling.jpg|thumb|right|''Anindita'' ,''Santalum album'', ''Indian sandalwood'']]
'''Anindita''' or '''Santalum album''' or '''Indian sandalwood''' is a small tropical tree, and is the most commonly known source of [[sandal Wood]]. This species has historically been cultivated, processed and traded since ancient times. Certain cultures place great significance on its fragrant and medicinal qualities. The high value of the species has caused its past exploitation, to the point where the wild population is vulnerable to extinction. Indian sandalwood still commands high prices for its essential oil, but due to lack of sizable trees it is no longer used for fine woodworking as before. The plant is widely cultivated and long lived, although harvest is viable after 40 years.
== Description Uses== The height of the evergreen tree is between 4 and 9 metres. They may live to one hundred years of age. The tree is variable in habit, usually upright to sprawling, and may intertwine with other species. The plant parasitises the roots of other tree species, with a haustorium adaptation on its own roots{{Uses|Wounds}}, but without major detriment to its hosts. An individual will form a non-obligate relationship with a number of other plants. Up to 300 species (including its own) can host the tree's development - supplying macronutrients phosphorus{{Uses|Cuts}}, nitrogen and potassium{{Uses|Snakebites}}, and shade - especially during early phases of development. It may propagate itself through wood suckering during its early development{{Uses|Curing liver disorders}}, establishing small stands. The reddish or brown bark can be almost black and is smooth in young trees{{Uses|Skin eruptions}}, becoming cracked with a red reveal. The heartwood is pale green to white as the common name indicates. The leaves are thin{{Uses|Blotches}}, opposite and ovate to lanceolate in shape. Glabrous surface is shiny and bright green{{Uses|Pimples}}, with a glaucous pale reverse. Fruit is produced after three years{{Uses|Diarrhea}}, viable seeds after five. These seeds are distributed by birds.{{Uses|Sore throats}}
== Uses Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Dried Folaige}}, {{Parts Used|Whole herb}}.
*It has use as wood ==Chemical Composition==Many fragrant constituents and oil in religious practices. It also features biologically active components, such as a construction material in temples alpha- and elsewhere.*Sandalwood oil has been widely used in folk medicine for treatment of common coldsbeta-santalol, bronchitiscedrol, skin disordersesters, heart ailmentsaldehydes, general weaknessphytosterols, fever, infection and squalene were present in the pericarp oils. This is the first report of the urinary tract, inflammation volatile composition of the mouth and pharynx, liver and gallbladder complaints and other maladiespericarps of any Santalum species.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
==common nameCommon names==Chandanam, chandana-mutti{{Common names|kn=Agarugandha, bavanna|ml=Chandanam, chandana-mutti|sa=Anindita, Arishta-phalam|ta=Anukkam, Asam|te=Bhadrasri|hi=Chandan|en=Sandalwood, Indian sandalwood}}
* '''English''' ==Properties==Reference: Dravya - Indian sandalwood* '''Kannada''' Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - ಅಗರುಗಂಧ Therepeutics.* '''Hindi''' - संदल===Dravya===
== External Links =Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)===Guna===Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, Vata===Prabhava===
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santalum_album Santalum album - Wikipedia]==Habit==*[http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Sandalwood.html flowersofindia]{{Habit|Small tree}}
==Identification==
===Leaf===
{{Leaf|Simple|Alternate|Leaf Shape is Elliptic-ovate to lanceolate}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
 
===Flower===
{{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|brownish-purple|5-20|In axillary and terminal paniculate cymes and Flowering from December-April}}
 
===Fruit===
{{Fruit|globose drupe|7–10 mm|Fruiting throughout the year|Beaked with basal part of the style, dark black when ripe.|-}}
 
===Other features===
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract''
 
==Where to get the saplings==
==Mode of Propagation==
{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
Seed beds of 3 ½ ft. width and 30ft length are prepared with one part sand and 2part mud and one part dry cowdung.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
{{Commonly seen|Tall grasslands}}, {{Commonly seen|meadows}}, {{Commonly seen|Borders of forests and fields}}.
 
==Photo Gallery==
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
File:Sandal.jpg
File:SantalumAlbumSapling.jpg
File:SantalumAlbumLeaf.jpg
File:Santalum album (Chandan) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0029.jpg|in [[Hyderabad, India]].
File:Santalum album (Chandan) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0028.jpg|in [[Hyderabad, India]].
File:Santalum album (Chandan) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0027.jpg|in [[Hyderabad, India]].
File:Santalum album (Chandan) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0025.jpg|Flowers in [[Hyderabad, India]].
File:Santalum album (Chandan) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0023.jpg|Flowers in [[Hyderabad, India]].
</gallery>
 
==References==
 
<references>
<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22428257 "chemical constituents"]</ref>
 
<ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/31727 "Morphology"]</ref>
 
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://contentzza.com/santalum-album-cultivation-techniques/ "Cultivation details"]</ref>
</references>
 
==External Links==
* [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11676-013-0331-3 Essential oil content and composition of Indian sandalwood]
* [http://www.agrifarming.in/sandalwood-cultivation/ Santalum album on agri farming.in]
* [http://www.indianforester.co.in/index.php/indianforester/article/view/29134 antalum album on Indianforester.co.in]
* [http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Santalum+album Santalum album on Useful Tropical Plants]
[[Category:Herbs]]
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