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Created page with "thumb|right|''Ksharaka'', ''Adenanthera pavonina'' '''Ksharaka''', Adenanthera pavonina is a fast-growing deciduous tree with a spreading cro..."
[[File:Adenanthera pavonina.jpg|thumb|right|''Ksharaka'', ''Adenanthera pavonina'']]
'''Ksharaka''', Adenanthera pavonina is a fast-growing deciduous tree with a spreading crown of light, feathery foliage. The tree is widely cultivated in the tropics for a wide range of uses. A very ornamental plant with fragrant, creamy flowers, it is often grown as a specimen and as a street tree.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Aphrodisiac}}, {{Uses|Gastritis}}, {{Uses|Burning sensation in eyes}}, {{Uses|Relieves thirst}}
<ref name="Uses"/>
==Parts Used==
{{Parts Used|Seeds}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}
==Chemical Composition==
==Common names==
{{Common names|kn=amaami, amani, kaal damani, menasina kaale, putranjeeva|ml=pongolan, ponkalam, putranjivi, puttilanni|sa=aksaphala, kumarbeeja, putrajivah, putranjiva|ta=karuppilai, kattuppacceri maram, pongolam |te=kadrajuvi, kudrajinic, kudurujuvir, kudurujuvvi, putra jeevi|hi=jiaputa, jivputrak, jiyapota, putranjiva|en=}}
<ref name="Common names"/>
==Properties==
Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
===Dravya===
===Rasa===
Madhura (Sweet), Katu (Pungent)
===Guna===
Guru (Heavy), Picchila (Slimy)
===Veerya===
Sheeta (cold)
===Vipaka===
===Karma===
Pitta, Vata
===Prabhava===
==Habit==
{{Habit|Tree}}
==Identification==
===Leaf===
{{Leaf|Simple|alternate|stipule small, lateral, caducous; petiole 5-7 mm long, slender, pubescent; lamina 3.5-12 x 1.5-4.5 cm, elliptic-oblong, base oblique, apex shortly acuminate, acute or obtuse with retuse tip; margin serrate or serrulate, glabrous, dark green, shining, coriaceous; lateral nerves 8-12 pairs, pinnate, slender, ascending, prominent, intercostae reticulate, slender, prominent. }}<ref name="Leaf"/>
===Flower===
{{Flower|Unisexual|axillary spikes|yellow||Flowers unisexual, small, yellow; male flowers: sessile, in axillary spikes, 2-2.5 mm across; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long, glabrous; tepals 3-5, oblong, puberulous without, ciliate, obtuse, imbricate; stamens 2-4, 1.5-2 mm long; filaments thick, more or less connate towards base; anthers ovate, hairy; female flowers: solitary or in 2 or 3, axillary; pedicel upto 15 mm long, puberulous; bracts lanceolate; tepals 5-6, 2-2.5 × 1-1.5 mm, unequal, oblong, puberulous without, ciliate, acute; ovary superior, 3 x 2.5 mm, globose, tomentose, 3-celled, ovules 2 in each cell; style 3, spreading, tomentose, often connate below into dilated into broad fleshy stigma; stigma crescent-shaped, glandular.}}
===Fruit===
{{Fruit|A drupe|1.3-2 x 1.5 cm| ovoid-ellipsoid, white tomentose; seed one, crustaceous; pedicels 6-25 mm long.|}}
===Other features===
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
==Where to get the saplings==
==Mode of Propagation==
{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
==How to plant/cultivate==
===Season to grow===
===Soil type===
===Propagation===
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
{{Commonly seen|Tropical area}}, {{Commonly seen|Sub Tropical area}}
==Photo Gallery==
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
File:Putrajiv (Hindi- पुत्रजीव) (3438668220).jpg
File:Putranjiva roxburghii - Putranjiva at Kolkatta - IRCTC 2017 (2).jpg
File:Puttira-civi (Tamil- புத்திரசீவி) (3437848159).jpg
File:Putranjiva roxburghii - Putranjiva at Kolkatta - IRCTC 2017 (3).jpg
</gallery>
==References==
<references>
<ref name="Uses">https://easyayurveda.com/2017/04/20/putrajivaka-putranjiva-roxburghii/ "Uses"]</ref>
<ref name="Leaf">[http://FLOWERING PLANTS OF KERALA VER.2, N. Sasidharan "BOTANIC DESCRIPTION"]</ref>
<ref name="Common names">[http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search "Vernacular names"]</ref>
</references>
==External Links==
* https://www.indianmedicinalplants.info/herbs/index.php/1150-putrajivaka-putranjiva-roxburghii-medicinal-use
* https://www.bimbima.com/ayurveda/putrajiva-treeputranjiva-roxburghii-medicinal-uses/263/
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Plants of western ghats]][[Category:Tree]]
'''Ksharaka''', Adenanthera pavonina is a fast-growing deciduous tree with a spreading crown of light, feathery foliage. The tree is widely cultivated in the tropics for a wide range of uses. A very ornamental plant with fragrant, creamy flowers, it is often grown as a specimen and as a street tree.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Aphrodisiac}}, {{Uses|Gastritis}}, {{Uses|Burning sensation in eyes}}, {{Uses|Relieves thirst}}
<ref name="Uses"/>
==Parts Used==
{{Parts Used|Seeds}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}
==Chemical Composition==
==Common names==
{{Common names|kn=amaami, amani, kaal damani, menasina kaale, putranjeeva|ml=pongolan, ponkalam, putranjivi, puttilanni|sa=aksaphala, kumarbeeja, putrajivah, putranjiva|ta=karuppilai, kattuppacceri maram, pongolam |te=kadrajuvi, kudrajinic, kudurujuvir, kudurujuvvi, putra jeevi|hi=jiaputa, jivputrak, jiyapota, putranjiva|en=}}
<ref name="Common names"/>
==Properties==
Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
===Dravya===
===Rasa===
Madhura (Sweet), Katu (Pungent)
===Guna===
Guru (Heavy), Picchila (Slimy)
===Veerya===
Sheeta (cold)
===Vipaka===
===Karma===
Pitta, Vata
===Prabhava===
==Habit==
{{Habit|Tree}}
==Identification==
===Leaf===
{{Leaf|Simple|alternate|stipule small, lateral, caducous; petiole 5-7 mm long, slender, pubescent; lamina 3.5-12 x 1.5-4.5 cm, elliptic-oblong, base oblique, apex shortly acuminate, acute or obtuse with retuse tip; margin serrate or serrulate, glabrous, dark green, shining, coriaceous; lateral nerves 8-12 pairs, pinnate, slender, ascending, prominent, intercostae reticulate, slender, prominent. }}<ref name="Leaf"/>
===Flower===
{{Flower|Unisexual|axillary spikes|yellow||Flowers unisexual, small, yellow; male flowers: sessile, in axillary spikes, 2-2.5 mm across; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long, glabrous; tepals 3-5, oblong, puberulous without, ciliate, obtuse, imbricate; stamens 2-4, 1.5-2 mm long; filaments thick, more or less connate towards base; anthers ovate, hairy; female flowers: solitary or in 2 or 3, axillary; pedicel upto 15 mm long, puberulous; bracts lanceolate; tepals 5-6, 2-2.5 × 1-1.5 mm, unequal, oblong, puberulous without, ciliate, acute; ovary superior, 3 x 2.5 mm, globose, tomentose, 3-celled, ovules 2 in each cell; style 3, spreading, tomentose, often connate below into dilated into broad fleshy stigma; stigma crescent-shaped, glandular.}}
===Fruit===
{{Fruit|A drupe|1.3-2 x 1.5 cm| ovoid-ellipsoid, white tomentose; seed one, crustaceous; pedicels 6-25 mm long.|}}
===Other features===
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
==Where to get the saplings==
==Mode of Propagation==
{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
==How to plant/cultivate==
===Season to grow===
===Soil type===
===Propagation===
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
{{Commonly seen|Tropical area}}, {{Commonly seen|Sub Tropical area}}
==Photo Gallery==
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
File:Putrajiv (Hindi- पुत्रजीव) (3438668220).jpg
File:Putranjiva roxburghii - Putranjiva at Kolkatta - IRCTC 2017 (2).jpg
File:Puttira-civi (Tamil- புத்திரசீவி) (3437848159).jpg
File:Putranjiva roxburghii - Putranjiva at Kolkatta - IRCTC 2017 (3).jpg
</gallery>
==References==
<references>
<ref name="Uses">https://easyayurveda.com/2017/04/20/putrajivaka-putranjiva-roxburghii/ "Uses"]</ref>
<ref name="Leaf">[http://FLOWERING PLANTS OF KERALA VER.2, N. Sasidharan "BOTANIC DESCRIPTION"]</ref>
<ref name="Common names">[http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search "Vernacular names"]</ref>
</references>
==External Links==
* https://www.indianmedicinalplants.info/herbs/index.php/1150-putrajivaka-putranjiva-roxburghii-medicinal-use
* https://www.bimbima.com/ayurveda/putrajiva-treeputranjiva-roxburghii-medicinal-uses/263/
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Plants of western ghats]][[Category:Tree]]
