'''Guggul plant''' or '''Commiphora wightii''', with common names Indian bdellium-tree, gugal, guggul, gugul, or Mukul myrrh tree, is a flowering plant in the family Burseraceae. The guggul plant may be found from northern Africa to central Asia, but is most common in northern India. It prefers arid and semi-arid climates and is tolerant of poor soil.
== Description Uses=={{Uses|cold sores}}, {{Uses|canker sores}}, {{Uses|candida}}, {{Uses|fungal infections}}, {{Uses|cholesterol}}, {{Uses|oral inflammation}}, {{Uses|Pimples}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|Sore throats}}
It is a shrub or small tree==Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Rubber sap}}, reaching a maximum height of 4 m (13 ft), with thin papery bark. The branches are thorny. The leaves are simple or trifoliate, the leaflets ovate, 1–5 cm (0.39–1.97 in) long, 0.5–2.5 cm (0.20–0.98 in) broad, and irregularly toothed. It is gynodioecious, with some plants bearing bisexual and male flowers, and others with female flowers. The individual flowers are red to pink, with four small petals. The small round fruit are red when ripe{{Parts Used|Resin}}.
== Raditional medicinal use Chemical Composition==These constituents include triterpenoids, flavonoids, lignans, phenols, steroids, alkaloids, and iridoids<ref name="chemical composition"/>
Guggul has been a key component in ancient Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine. However==Common names=={{Common names|kn=Kanthagana, Guggala|ml=Gulgulu, because of its overuseGuggulu|sa=Pura, it has become so scarce in its two habitats in India — Gujarat and Rajasthan Mahisaksa|ta=Mahisaksi Guggalu|te=Makishakshi guggulu|hi=Guggul|en=Gum- that the World Conservation Union (IUCN) has enlisted it in its Red Data List of endangered species.gugul, Indian Bdellium}}
Chemical structure of guggulsterone, a constituent of gum guggul==Properties==The extract of gum guggulReference: Dravya - Substance, called gugulipidRasa - Taste, guggulipidGuna - Qualities, or guglipidVeerya - Potency, has been used in Unani and Ayurvedic medicineVipaka - Post-digesion effect, for nearly 3Karma - Pharmacological activity,000 years in IndiaPrabhava - Therepeutics.<ref name===Dravya==="uses"/> One chemical ingredient in the extract is the steroid guggulsterone, which acts as an antagonist of the farnesoid X receptor, once believed to result in decreased cholesterol synthesis in the liver. However, several studies have been published that indicate no overall reduction in total cholesterol occurs using various dosages of guggulsterone and levels of low-density lipoprotein ("bad cholesterol") increased in many people.
Rheuma tised===Rasa===Kashaya (Astringent), arthritisKatu (Pungent), paralysisTikta (Bitter)===Guna===Laghu (Light), laxativeRuksha (Dry)===Veerya===Ushna (Heating)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Balya, Rasayana, Varnya, Vatabalasajit, Bhagnasandhanakrt, Medohara===Prabhava===
==Common nameHabit=={{Habit|Herb}}
* '''English''' ==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|Trifoliate|Chartaceous, greyish green or glaucous}}<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual|3-4 mm long|Yellow|5-10|Male flowers usually precocious, 2- myrrh tree4 in dichasial}} ===Fruit===* '''Kannada''' {{Fruit|ovoid|2-4 mm long|Fruits 1- ಕಂತಗಾನ 2 on jointed stalks|Seed smooth with gentle swellings}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract'Hindi''' - गुग्गुल ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==The soil around existing plants is cultivated (by hand using a hoe, or by machine using a cultivator) to destroy weeds and promote growth by increasing soil aeration and water infiltration.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Eastern Mediterranean}}, {{Commonly seen|Arabian Peninsula}}, {{Commonly seen|desert regions}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">File:Odermennig.jpgFile:Agrimonia eupatoria02.jpgImage:Agrimonia eupatoria MHNT.BOT.2004.0.jpg</gallery> ==References==
== References ==
<references>
<ref name="useschemical composition">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17256730 "chemical constituents"]</ref> <ref name="Leaf">[http://newswww.bbcworldagroforestry.coorg/treedb/AFTPDFS/Commiphora_myrrha.ukPDF "botonical description"]</2ref> <ref name="How to plant/hicultivate">[https:/health/1963645www.britannica.stm Indian herb can reduce cholesterolcom/topic/cultivation "cultivation agriculture"]</ref>
</references>
== External Links == [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commiphora_wightii Commiphora wightii-Wikipedia]
* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/eclipta-prostrata Mahisaksa on science direct]
* [https://www.thebalancesmb.com/what-is-cultivation-2538230 Definition of Cultivation for Happy Plants and Healthy Soil]
* [https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/myrrh-gum-herb.html Myrrh Herb – Health Benefits and Side Effects]
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17985580 Commiphora molmol in human welfare]
[[Category:Herbs]]
