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Vitis vinifera - Draksha, Grape

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A grape <ref name="grape"/> '''Vitis vinifera''' is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus Vitis.Grapes can be eaten fresh as table grapes or they can be used for making wine, jam, juice, jelly, grape seed extract, raisins, vinegar, and grape seed oil. Grapes are a non-climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters.
Grapes can be eaten fresh as table grapes or they can be used for making wine==Uses=={{Uses|varicose veins}}, jam{{Uses|Hemorrhoids}}, juice{{Uses|Constipation}}, jelly{{Uses|Cough}}, grape seed extract{{Uses|Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder}}, raisins{{Uses|Heavy menstrual periods}}, vinegar{{Uses|Canker sores}}, and grape seed oil. Grapes are a non-climacteric type of fruit{{Uses|Diarrhea}}, generally occurring in clusters.{{Uses|Liver damage}}
==Parts Used==
{{Parts Used|Flowers}}, {{Parts Used|Fruits}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
==DescriptionChemical Composition==Mencía samples were analysed for phenolic, (flavan-3-ols, flavonols, anthocyanins, acids and resveratrol), nitrogen (TAC, TAN, YAN and TAS) and volatiles compounds (alcohols, C6 compounds, ethyl esters, terpenes, aldehydes, acids, lactones, volatile phenols and carbonyl compounds) by GC-MS and HPLC<ref name="chemical composition"/>
Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. "White" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines. Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid.==Common names=={{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=|ta=|te=|hi=|en=Agrimony}}
==Properties==
Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
===Dravya===
==Common name=Rasa===Madhura (sweet)===Guna===Guru (heavy), Snigda (Unctous)===Veerya===Sheeta (cold)===Vipaka===Madhura (sweet)===Karma===Pitta, Vata===Prabhava===
* '''English''' - Grapes==Habit==* '''Kannada''' - ದ್ರಾಕ್ಷಿ* '''Hindi''' - अंगूर* '''Sanskrit''' - Draksha{{Habit|large shrub}}
==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|orbicular|The leaves are Pentagonal or dissected, 10.5-20 x 7-15 cm, serrate or irregularly}}<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Bisexual|2 mm long|greenish|5-20|Flowers Season is June - August}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|Berry|6-22 mm long|With juicy sweet or sour pulp|With hooked hairs|2-4 seeded}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract'' ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==Landscape Uses:Arbor. Prefers a deep rich moist well-drained moderately fertile loam[1, 200]. Grows best in a calcareous soil, but dislikes excessively chalky soils<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Riversides and damp woods}}, {{Commonly seen|Grows on the banks of the Thames}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">File:Vitis_vinifera_002.JPGFile:Vitis_vinifera_003.JPGImage:Vitis vinifera.jpgImage:Vitis vinifera0.jpg|Image:Vitis vinifera1.jpg|Image:Vigne inflorescence.jpg</gallery> == References == <references><ref name="grapechemical composition">[https://enwww.ncbi.wikipedianlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25236215 "chemical constituents"]</ref> <ref name="Leaf">[http://eol.org/wikipages/582304/details "Morphology"]</Grape wikipediaref> <ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=Vitis+vinifera "Cultivation details"]</ref>
</references>
 
==External Links==
* [https://www.mdidea.com/products/herbextract/grapeseed/data03.html Vitis vinifera on mdidea.com]
* [https://eurekamag.com/research/004/406/004406712.php Vitis vinifera on ]
* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/vitis-vinifera Vitis vinifera on science direct]
[[Category:Herbs]]
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