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Difference between revisions of "Momordica charantia - Karavellaka, Karabellam"

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'''Bitter gourd''' , known as '''bitter melon, Momordica charantia, bitter squash, or balsam-pear''', has names in other languages which have entered English as loanwords, e.g. goya from Okinawan and '''karela''' from Sanskrit. Those from the Caribbean island of Jamaica commonly refer to the plant as '''cerasee'''.
 
'''Bitter gourd''' , known as '''bitter melon, Momordica charantia, bitter squash, or balsam-pear''', has names in other languages which have entered English as loanwords, e.g. goya from Okinawan and '''karela''' from Sanskrit. Those from the Caribbean island of Jamaica commonly refer to the plant as '''cerasee'''.
  
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== Description ==
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|lowers fevers}}, {{Uses|colitis}}, {{Uses|dysentery}}, {{Uses|diabetes}}, {{Uses|malignant ulcers}}, {{Uses|stomach worms}}, {{Uses|fever}}, {{Uses|phlegm}}, {{Uses|hypertension}}
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This herbaceous, tendril-bearing vine grows up to 5 m (16 ft) in length. It bears simple, alternate leaves 4–12 cm (1.6–4.7 in) across, with three to seven deeply separated lobes. Each plant bears separate yellow male and female flowers. In the Northern Hemisphere, flowering occurs during June to July and fruiting during September to November.
 
  
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The fruit has a distinct warty exterior and an oblong shape. It is hollow in cross-section, with a relatively thin layer of flesh surrounding a central seed cavity filled with large, flat seeds and pith. The fruit is most often eaten green, or as it is beginning to turn yellow.
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Fruits}}.
  
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When the fruit is fully ripe, it turns orange and mushy, and splits into segments which curl back dramatically to expose seeds covered in bright red pulp.
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==Chemical Composition==
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Amino acids, glutamic acid, lactamic acid, beta-lactamic acid, phenylalanine, proline, alpha-aminobutyric acid, citrulline, galacturonic acid<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
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== Uses ==
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=|ta=|te=|hi=|en=Agrimony}}
  
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*Bitter melon is generally consumed cooked in the green or early yellowing stage. The young shoots and leaves of the bitter melon may also be eaten as greens.
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==Properties==
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*Bitter melon has been used in various Asian and African herbal medicine systems for a long time.
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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*In traditional medicine of India different parts of the plant are used as claimed treatments for diabetes, as a stomachic, laxative, antibilious, emetic, anthelmintic agent, for the treatment of cough, respiratory diseases, skin diseases, wounds, ulcer, gout, and rheumatism.
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===Dravya===
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*Momordica charantia has a number of purported uses including cancer prevention, treatment of diabetes, fever, HIV and AIDS, and infections.
 
  
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==Common name==
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===Rasa===
  
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* '''English''' - Bitter gourd
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===Guna===
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* '''Kannada''' - ಹಾಗಲಕಾಯಿ
 
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* '''Hindi''' - करेला
 
  
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== External Links ==
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===Veerya===
  
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[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momordica_charantia Momordica charantia-Wikipedia]
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===Vipaka===
  
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===Karma===
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===Prabhava===
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Annual climbing plant}}
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|alternate|lobed or unlobed but not separated into leaflets}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|Yellow, white|2-3|Flowers Season is June - August}}
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|general|100–200 mm|clearly grooved lengthwise, Lowest hooked hairs aligned towards crown|the fruit is fleshy|many}}
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract''
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
 +
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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The plant is best adapted to hot humid areas of the tropics and subtropics, though it can be grown in a wide range of climates right into the temperate zone so long as there is a sufficient growing season<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|coastal thickets}}, {{Commonly seen|along creeks and streams}}, {{Commonly seen|lowland forest margins}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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File:Momordica charantia 01.JPG|Plant
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File:Momordica charantia 22042014 (2).JPG|Leafbud
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File:Momordica charantia - flower 02.jpg|Leaves and Flower
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File:MomordicaCharantia flowers.jpg|Flowers
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File:Momordica charantia - Female flower.JPG|Female flower
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File:Momordica charantia - Male flower.JPG|Male flower
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File:Momordica charantia 24042014 (2).jpg|2 days old fruit with flower
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File:Momordica charantia 25042014.jpg|3 days old fruit
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File:Momordica charantia 01052014.jpg|10 days old fruit
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File:Momordica charantia - Immature fruit.JPG|Immature fruit
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</gallery>
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==References==
 +
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<references>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.mdidea.com/products/herbextract/bittermelon/data03.html "Phytochemicals"]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org/species/momordica/charantia/ "charecteristics"]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Momordica+charantia "Cultivation Details"]</ref>
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</references>
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==External Links==
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* [https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/34678 Momordica charantia on cabi.org]
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* [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf00010a013 Chemical composition of Momordica charantia L. fruits]
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* [http://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/study-on-the-chemical-constituents-of-momordica-charantia-l-leaves-andmethod-for-their-quantitative-determination.html Study on the chemical constituents of Momordica charantia L. leaves]
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* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20055177 Chemical constituents of Momordica charantia L]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]

Revision as of 11:34, 24 May 2018

Momordica charantia, Bitter gourd

Bitter gourd , known as bitter melon, Momordica charantia, bitter squash, or balsam-pear, has names in other languages which have entered English as loanwords, e.g. goya from Okinawan and karela from Sanskrit. Those from the Caribbean island of Jamaica commonly refer to the plant as cerasee.

Uses

lowers fevers, colitis, dysentery, diabetes, malignant ulcers, stomach worms, fever, phlegm, hypertension

Parts Used

Fruits.

Chemical Composition

Amino acids, glutamic acid, lactamic acid, beta-lactamic acid, phenylalanine, proline, alpha-aminobutyric acid, citrulline, galacturonic acid[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada
Hindi
Malayalam
Tamil
Telugu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit
English Agrimony


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Guna

Veerya

Vipaka

Karma

Prabhava

Habit

Annual climbing plant

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple alternate lobed or unlobed but not separated into leaflets

[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 2-4cm long Yellow, white 2-3 Flowers Season is June - August

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
general 100–200 mm clearly grooved lengthwise, Lowest hooked hairs aligned towards crown the fruit is fleshy many {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

The plant is best adapted to hot humid areas of the tropics and subtropics, though it can be grown in a wide range of climates right into the temperate zone so long as there is a sufficient growing season[3]

Commonly seen growing in areas

coastal thickets, along creeks and streams, lowland forest margins.

Photo Gallery

  • Plant

  • Leafbud

  • Leaves and Flower

  • Flowers

  • Female flower

  • Male flower

  • 2 days old fruit with flower

  • 3 days old fruit

  • 10 days old fruit

  • Immature fruit

References

  1. ↑ "Phytochemicals"
  2. ↑ "charecteristics"
  3. ↑ "Cultivation Details"

External Links

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