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Difference between revisions of "Vachellia nilotica - Gum arabic"

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[[File:Gummi arabicum pieces and powder.jpg|thumb|right| '''Gum arabic''']]
 
[[File:Gummi arabicum pieces and powder.jpg|thumb|right| '''Gum arabic''']]
  
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Gum arabic,<ref name="Gum arabic"/> also known as acacia gum, is a natural gum consisting of the hardened sap of various species of the acacia tree. Originally, gum arabic was collected from Acacia nilotica which was called the "gum arabic tree"; in the present day, gum arabic is predominantly collected from two related species, namely Acacia senegal and Vachellia (Acacia) seyal. Producers harvest the gum commercially from wild trees, mostly in Sudan (80%) and throughout the Sahel, from Senegal to Somalia—though it is historically cultivated in Arabia and West Asia.
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'''Vachellia nilotica''' also known as acacia gum, is a natural gum consisting of the hardened sap of various species of the acacia tree. Originally, gum arabic was collected from Acacia nilotica which was called the "gum arabic tree". In the present day, gum arabic is predominantly collected from two related species, namely Acacia senegal and Vachellia (Acacia) seyal.
  
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Gum arabic is a complex mixture of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. It is the original source of the sugars arabinose and ribose, both of which were first discovered and isolated from it, and are named after it.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|dysentery}}, {{Uses|leprosy}}, {{Uses|coughs}}, {{Uses|intestinal pains}}, {{Uses|cancers}}, {{Uses|tumours}}, {{Uses|Pimples}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|chest problems}}
  
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Gum arabic is used primarily in the food industry as a stabilizer. It is edible and has E number E414. Gum arabic is a key ingredient in traditional lithography and is used in printing, paint production, glue, cosmetics and various industrial applications, including viscosity control in inks and in textile industries, though less expensive materials compete with it for many of these roles.
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Dried Folaige}}, {{Parts Used|Whole herb}}.
  
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While gum arabic is now produced throughout the African Sahel, it is still harvested and used in the Middle East. For example, Arab populations use the natural gum to make a chilled, sweetened, and flavored gelato-like dessert.
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==Chemical Composition==
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The plant yields a gum containing arabin as the chief constituent. Other constituents of the gum include tannic and gallic acids, cresol (an antiseptic), methyl salicylate, complex salts of calcium, magnesium and potassium, galactose, l-arabinose, l-rhamnose and 4 aldobiouronic acids<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=|ta=|te=|hi=|en=Agrimony}}
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
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===Rasa===
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Kashaya (Astringent)
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===Guna===
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Ruksha (Dry), Guru (heavy)
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===Veerya===
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Sheeta (cold)
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===Vipaka===
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Katu (Pungent)
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===Karma===
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Kapha
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===Prabhava===
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Tree}}
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|Petiole|The twice-compound (i.e. bipinnate) leaves are dark green in colour and have a feathery appearance}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|6-15 mm|Yellow|5-20|Flowers are densely arranged into small globular clusters and flowering from March to July}}
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|Elongated pod|6-25 cm long|These greyish-green pods are covered in tiny soft hairs|With hooked hairs|-}}
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract''
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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Gum arabic succeeds in subtropical to tropical lowland areas and at elevations up to 1,300 metres[303 ]. It thrives in areas with an annual rainfall in the range of 400 - 2,300mm<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Woodlands of various sorts}}, {{Commonly seen|Wooded grasslands}}, {{Commonly seen|Scrub and thickets}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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09-05-2017 Gum arabic (Acacia nilotica) seedpods (1).JPG
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09-05-2017 Gum arabic (Acacia nilotica) seedpods (2).JPG
  
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==Uses==
 
  
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*Gum arabic's mixture of polysaccharides and glycoproteins gives it the properties of a glue and binder that is edible by humans.
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Acacia (Vachellia) nilotica.jpg
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*Other substances have replaced it where toxicity is not an issue, and as the proportions of the various chemicals in gum arabic vary widely and make it unpredictable. Still, it remains an important ingredient in soft drink syrup and "hard" gummy candies such as gumdrops, marshmallows, and M&M's chocolate candies.
 
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*For artists, it is the traditional binder in watercolor paint, in photography for gum printing, and it is used as a binder in pyrotechnic compositions.
 
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*Pharmaceutical drugs and cosmetics also use the gum as a binder, emulsifying agent, and a suspending or viscosity increasing agent.
 
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*Wine makers have used gum arabic as a wine fining agent.
 
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*It is an important ingredient in shoe polish, and can be used in making homemade incense cones.
 
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*It is also used as a lickable adhesive, for example on postage stamps, envelopes, and cigarette papers. Lithographic printers employ it to keep the non-image areas of the plate receptive to water. This treatment also helps to stop oxidation of aluminium printing plates in the interval between processing of the plate and its use on a printing press.
 
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*Gum arabic is used as an emulsifier and a thickening agent in icing, fillings, chewing gum and other confectionery treats.
 
  
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==Common name==
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Acacia arabica at Giza Zoo by Hatem Moushir 1.JPG
  
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* '''English''' - Babul
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</gallery>
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*'''Kannada''' - Babli
 
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* '''Hindi''' - कीकर
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
  
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<references>
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<references>  
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<ref name="Gum arabic">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gum_arabic "wikipedia"]</ref>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[http://www.mpbd.info/plants/acacia-nilotica.php "chemical costituents"]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/vachellia_nilotica.htm "plant morphology"]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Vachellia+nilotica "Cultivation details"]</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
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==External Links==
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* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0308814695002383 Vachellia nilotica on science direct]
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* [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13196-012-0061-8 Chemical characterization of Acacia nilotica tree parts]
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* [http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77089275-1 Vachellia nilotica on kew science.org]
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* [https://www.prota4u.org/database/protav8.asp?g=pe&p=Acacia+nilotica+(L.)+Willd.+ex+Delile Vachellia nilotica on prota4u.o]
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]

Revision as of 12:19, 13 June 2018

Gum arabic

Vachellia nilotica also known as acacia gum, is a natural gum consisting of the hardened sap of various species of the acacia tree. Originally, gum arabic was collected from Acacia nilotica which was called the "gum arabic tree". In the present day, gum arabic is predominantly collected from two related species, namely Acacia senegal and Vachellia (Acacia) seyal.

Uses

dysentery, leprosy, coughs, intestinal pains, cancers, tumours, Pimples, Diarrhea, chest problems

Parts Used

Dried Folaige, Whole herb.

Chemical Composition

The plant yields a gum containing arabin as the chief constituent. Other constituents of the gum include tannic and gallic acids, cresol (an antiseptic), methyl salicylate, complex salts of calcium, magnesium and potassium, galactose, l-arabinose, l-rhamnose and 4 aldobiouronic acids[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada
Hindi
Malayalam
Tamil
Telugu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit
English Agrimony


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Kashaya (Astringent)

Guna

Ruksha (Dry), Guru (heavy)

Veerya

Sheeta (cold)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Kapha

Prabhava

Habit

Tree

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Petiole The twice-compound (i.e. bipinnate) leaves are dark green in colour and have a feathery appearance

[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 6-15 mm Yellow 5-20 Flowers are densely arranged into small globular clusters and flowering from March to July

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Elongated pod 6-25 cm long These greyish-green pods are covered in tiny soft hairs With hooked hairs - {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

Gum arabic succeeds in subtropical to tropical lowland areas and at elevations up to 1,300 metres[303 ]. It thrives in areas with an annual rainfall in the range of 400 - 2,300mm[3]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Woodlands of various sorts, Wooded grasslands, Scrub and thickets.

Photo Gallery

  • 09-05-2017 Gum arabic (Acacia nilotica) seedpods (1).JPG
  • 09-05-2017 Gum arabic (Acacia nilotica) seedpods (2).JPG
  • Acacia (Vachellia) nilotica.jpg
  • Acacia arabica at Giza Zoo by Hatem Moushir 1.JPG

References

  1. ↑ "chemical costituents"
  2. ↑ "plant morphology"
  3. ↑ "Cultivation details"

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Vachellia_nilotica_-_Gum_arabic&oldid=16682"