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Difference between revisions of "Andrographis paniculata - Kalmegh"

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[[File:Andrographis paniculata (Kalpa) in Narshapur forest, AP W2 IMG 0867.jpg|thumb|right|''Kalmegh'', ''Andrographis paniculata'']]
 
[[File:Andrographis paniculata (Kalpa) in Narshapur forest, AP W2 IMG 0867.jpg|thumb|right|''Kalmegh'', ''Andrographis paniculata'']]
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[[File:469px-Andrographis paniculata Plant.JPG|thumb|right|''Kalamegha'', ''Nelabevu'']]
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'''Andrographis paniculata''' is an annual herbaceous plant in the family Acanthaceae, native to India and Sri Lanka.It is widely cultivated in Southern and Southeastern Asia, where it has been traditionally used to treat infections and some diseases.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Cancer}}, {{Uses|HIV}}, {{Uses|Cough}}, {{Uses|Cold}}, {{Uses|Sinusitis}}, {{Uses|Body pain}}, {{Uses|Liver problems}}, {{Uses|Leprosy}}, {{Uses|Cholera}}
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Whole herb}}.
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==Chemical Composition==
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Dihydroneobaicalein, andrographidine, andrographidine, andrographidine, dihydroxy, dimethoxyflavone, beta-D-glucopyranoside, three diterpenoids, andrograpanin, neoandrographolide ,andrographolide, two phenylpropanoids, trans-cinnamic acid and methoxycinnamaldehyde<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=Nelaberu, kaala megha|ml=Nelavepu, Kiriyattu|sa=Kalmegha, Bhunimba|ta=Nilavembu|te=Nilavembu|hi=Kirayat, Kalpanath|en=kariyat}}
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
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===Rasa===
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Tikta (Bitter)
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===Guna===
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Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry)
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===Veerya===
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Ushna (Hot)
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===Vipaka===
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Katu (Pungent)
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===Karma===
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Kapa, Pitta
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===Prabhava===
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Herb}}
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|Opposite|9 x 1.5 cm, elliptic, acuminate at apex, base acute, decussate, glabrous.}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
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Kalmegh or Andrographis paniculata is an annual herbaceous plant in the family Acanthaceae, native to India and Sri Lanka.
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Bisexual|2-4cm long|White and purple|5-20|Panicle terminal and upper axillary, glandular-hairy; flowers many, distant. Calyx lobes 3 mm long, linear, hairy, connate at base, Corolla 14 mm long, pink or white with purple dots, tube ventricose, hairy, upper lip entire, midlobe of lower lip broader than laterals, acute, glandular-hairy. Ovary puberulous, style hairy.}}
  
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It is widely cultivated in Southern and Southeastern Asia, where it has been traditionally used to treat infections and some diseases. Mostly the leaves and roots were used for medicinal purposes. The whole plant is also used in some cases.<ref name="int"/>
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|Capsule|20-30 x 3 mm|oblong, acute, hairy; retinacula spoon shaped|eeds 8, glabrous|}}
  
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== Traditional medicine ==
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===Other features===
  
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Since ancient times, A. paniculata has been used in traditional Siddha and Ayurvedic systems of medicine as well as in tribal medicine in India. This plant is a major ingredient of the polyherbal formulation by the name "Nilavembu kudineer choornam" in Siddha medicine.
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Gopichandanadi gulika]]
  
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According to the Mayo Clinic Book of Alternative Medicine, "A specific product (andrographis combined with Eleutherococcus senticosus) may shorten the duration and lessen the symptoms of common cold." It also says, "Pregnant women shouldn't use andrographis because it could terminate pregnancy.
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
  
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== Medical use ==
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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It can be easily raised through seed and vegetative methods. But in commercial cultivation, propagation through seed is easy and economical. In India, it is cultivated as rainy season (Kharif) crop. Any soil having fair amount of organic matter is suitable for commercial cultivation of this crop. About 400 gms. seed are sufficient for one hectare<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
  
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A review concluded that existing evidence from controlled clinical trials supports a role for A. paniculata in the treatment of symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections.
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Village groves}}, {{Commonly seen|Roadsides}}, {{Commonly seen|Waste places}}.
  
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There is no evidence of its effectiveness in cancer treatment.<ref name="uses"/>
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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4677759790 d5fb6ee9e0 b.jpg|Whole plant
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6256892648 f88fecd4f9 b.jpg|Flower
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Andrographis paniculata 001.JPG|Leaves
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Andrographis paniculata 002.JPG|Buds
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File:Nilavepp (Malayalam- നിലവേപ്പ്) (6256601039).jpg|Capsules
  
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== References ==
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21626787 Chemical Constituents]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[http://keralaplants.in/ Botanical description]</ref>
 
   
 
   
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<ref name="int">[http://envis.frlht.org/botanical_search.php?txtbtname=Andrographis+paniculata+%28BURM.F.%29WALLICH+EX+NEES.&gesp=181%7CAndrographis+paniculata+%28BURM.F.%29WALLICH+EX+NEES. "Traded Medicinal Plants Database"]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/package-of-practices/medicinal-and-aromatic-plants/andrographis-paniculata Cultivation]</ref>
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<ref name="uses">[http://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/herb/andrographis Andrographis paniculata-Wikipedia]</ref>
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</references>
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== External Links ==
 
  
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[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrographis_paniculata Andrographis paniculata-Wikipedia]
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==External Links==
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* [https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/andrographis-herb.html Andrographis – Health Benefits and Side Effects]
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* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4032030/ Harnessing the medicinal properties of Andrographis paniculata]
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* [https://www.bimbima.com/ayurveda/medicinal-use-of-kalmegh-andrographis-paniculata/1483/ Medicinal Use Of Kalmegh]
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* [https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/andrographis-paniculata-a-review-of-its-traditional-uses-phytochemistry-and-pharmacology-2167-0412.1000169.php?aid=33645 A Review of its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology]
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
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[[Category:Acanthaceae]]

Latest revision as of 12:39, 3 June 2019

Kalmegh, Andrographis paniculata
Kalamegha, Nelabevu

Andrographis paniculata is an annual herbaceous plant in the family Acanthaceae, native to India and Sri Lanka.It is widely cultivated in Southern and Southeastern Asia, where it has been traditionally used to treat infections and some diseases.

Uses

Cancer, HIV, Cough, Cold, Sinusitis, Body pain, Liver problems, Leprosy, Cholera

Parts Used

Leaves, Whole herb.

Chemical Composition

Dihydroneobaicalein, andrographidine, andrographidine, andrographidine, dihydroxy, dimethoxyflavone, beta-D-glucopyranoside, three diterpenoids, andrograpanin, neoandrographolide ,andrographolide, two phenylpropanoids, trans-cinnamic acid and methoxycinnamaldehyde[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Nelaberu, kaala megha
Hindi Kirayat, Kalpanath
Malayalam Nelavepu, Kiriyattu
Tamil Nilavembu
Telugu Nilavembu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Kalmegha, Bhunimba
English kariyat


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Kapa, Pitta

Prabhava

Habit

Herb

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Opposite 9 x 1.5 cm, elliptic, acuminate at apex, base acute, decussate, glabrous.

[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Bisexual 2-4cm long White and purple 5-20 Panicle terminal and upper axillary, glandular-hairy; flowers many, distant. Calyx lobes 3 mm long, linear, hairy, connate at base, Corolla 14 mm long, pink or white with purple dots, tube ventricose, hairy, upper lip entire, midlobe of lower lip broader than laterals, acute, glandular-hairy. Ovary puberulous, style hairy.

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Capsule 20-30 x 3 mm oblong, acute, hairy; retinacula spoon shaped eeds 8, glabrous {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

It can be easily raised through seed and vegetative methods. But in commercial cultivation, propagation through seed is easy and economical. In India, it is cultivated as rainy season (Kharif) crop. Any soil having fair amount of organic matter is suitable for commercial cultivation of this crop. About 400 gms. seed are sufficient for one hectare[3]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Village groves, Roadsides, Waste places.

Photo Gallery

  • Whole plant

  • Flower

  • Leaves

  • Buds

  • Capsules

References

  1. ↑ Chemical Constituents
  2. ↑ Botanical description
  3. ↑ Cultivation

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Andrographis_paniculata_-_Kalmegh&oldid=39574"