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Difference between revisions of "Mallotus philippensis - Kamala tree"

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[[File:Mallotus philippensis - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-221.jpg|thumb| ''Mallotus philippensis'']]
 
[[File:Mallotus philippensis - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-221.jpg|thumb| ''Mallotus philippensis'']]
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'''Mallotus philippensis''' or ''Kampillaka'' or ''Kumkumada mara'' is a tree that bears fruits which give out red coloured powder which is used as a dye. The dye is known for its [[anthelmintic]] properties<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Rao | first1 = VS | last2 = Seshadri | first2 = TR | year = 1947 | title = Kamala dye as an anthelmintic | url = | journal = Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences | volume = 26 | issue = 3| pages = 178–181 | doi = 10.1007/BF03170871 }}</ref>.  
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'''Mallotus philippensis''' or ''Kampillaka'' or ''Kumkumada mara'' is a tree that bears fruits which give out red coloured powder which is used as a dye. The dye is known for its anthelmintic properties.  
  
 
==Uses==
 
==Uses==
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{{Uses|Anthelmintic}}.<ref name="Uses"/>
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{{Uses|Anthelmintic}}, {{Uses|Skin infections}}, {{Uses|Stomach ulcer}}, {{Uses|Tapeworm infections}}.<ref name="Uses"/>
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As remedy for tape-worm, because of its laxative effect.
 
  
 
==Parts Used==
 
==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Fruits}}, {{Parts Used|stem}}, {{Parts Used|leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Root}}.
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{{Parts Used|Fruits}}, {{Parts Used|Stem}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Root}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>
  
 
==Chemical Composition==
 
==Chemical Composition==
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<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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Mallotus philippinensis species are known to contain different natural compounds, Mainly Phenols, Diterpenoids, Steroids, Flavonoids, Cardenolides, Triterpenoids, Coumarins, Isocoumarins and Many more especially Phenols; that is, Bergenin, Mallotophilippinens, Rottlerin and Isorottlerin have been isolated, identified<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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Rottlerin, mallotoxin
 
  
 
==Common names==
 
==Common names==
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{{Common names|sa=|en=Kamala tree, Monkey Face Tree|gu=|hi=Kamala|kn=|ks=|ml=|mr=|pa=|ta=|te=}}
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{{Common names|sa=Kampilla, Ranjana, Rechanaka|en=Kamala tree, Monkey Face Tree|hi=Kamala, Rohini|kn=Kunkumada mara|ta=Kapila, Kumkumam|te=Kumkuma, Sindhuri}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>
  
 
==Properties==
 
==Properties==
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===Dravya===
 
===Dravya===
 
===Rasa===
 
===Rasa===
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===Guna===
 
===Guna===
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==Habit==
 
==Habit==
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{{Habit|Seeds}}, {{Habit|Cutting}}.
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{{Habit|Seeds}}, {{Habit|Cuttings}}.
  
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
===Leaf===
 
===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Leaves are opposite on the stem|Ovate to oblong in shape. 4 to 12 cm long, 2 to 7 cm wide with a long pointed tip.|The upper surface is green without hairs, the underside pale grey in colour. With a magnifying glass, small red glands may be visible. Leaf stems 2 to 5 cm long, somewhat thickened at both ends. The first leaf vein on either side of the mid rib extends from the leaf base, to over half the length of the leaf. Veins raised and evident under the leaf.}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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{{Leaf|Leaves are opposite on the stem|Ovate to oblong in shape|The upper surface is green without hairs, the underside pale grey in colour.}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
 
===Flower===
 
===Flower===
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{{Flower|Yellow-brown flowers form on racemes. Racemes up to 6 cm long.|Male and female flowers grow on separate trees.|New South Wales flowering period is from June to November. Flowering period in the Philippines is March to April|}}
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{{Flower|Yellow-brown flowers form on racemes|Racemes up to 6 cm long|New South Wales flowering period is from June to November||Flowering period in the Philippines is March to April}}
  
 
===Fruit===
 
===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|6 to 9 mm broad|covered in red powdery substance|seeds 2 to 3 mm in diameter|Fresh seed is advised for germination.|}}
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{{Fruit|6 to 9 mm broad|covered in red powdery substance|seeds 2 to 3 mm in diameter|Fresh seed is advised for germination.||Fruiting season is from January to April}}
  
 
===Other features===
 
===Other features===
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==How to plant/cultivate==
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
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A plant of lower elevations in the tropics, where it can be found from sea level to 1,600 metres. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 25 - 34°c, but can tolerate 7 - 45°c. When dormant, the plant can survive temperatures down to about -2°c, but young growth can be severely damaged at 0°c. It prefers a mean annual rainfall in the range 1,000 - 2,500mm, but tolerates 600 - 5,000mm. Succeeds in full sun, but plants can also tolerate considerable shade. Prefers a pH in the range 5 - 6.7, tolerating 4.5 - 7.5. Established plants are drought tolerant. The growth is comparatively slow - mean annual girth increment being reported in India at 0.65 cm, with a mean girth after 16 years of less than 15cm.
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A plant of lower elevations in the tropics, where it can be found from sea level to 1,600 metres. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 25 - 34°c, but can tolerate 7 - 45°c.  
 
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
 
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
  
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen| South Asia, Southeast Asia}}, {{Commonly seen| Afghanistan and Australia}}, {{Commonly seen| Mount Keira, south of Sydney}}.
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{{Commonly seen|South Asia}}, {{Commonly seen|Southeast Asia}}, {{Commonly seen|Afghanistan and Australia}}, {{Commonly seen|Mount Keira}}, {{Commonly seen|South of Sydney}}.
  
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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Image:Mallotus philipensis flowers.jpg|''M. philipensis'' flowers
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Image:Mallotus philipensis flowers.jpg|Flowers
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Image:MallotesPhilipensis.jpg|Red coloured fruit of the kamala, Nandi hills slopes, [[Bangalore]], [[India]]
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Image:MallotesPhilipensis.jpg|Red Coloured Fruit
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Image:Red Kamala Mount Keira.JPG|Red kamala at its most southerly point of natural distribution, [[Mount Keira]], [[Illawarra]], [[Australia]]
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Image:Red Kamala Mount Keira.JPG|Red kamala
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Image:Black-crested Bulbul (Pycnonotus melanicterus) feeding on Kamala (Mallotus philipensis) at Jayanti, Duars, WB W Picture 133.jpg|[[Black-crested bulbul]] feeding on the red kamala at [[Kayanti (village)|Jayanti]], India
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Image:Black-crested Bulbul (Pycnonotus melanicterus) feeding on Kamala (Mallotus philipensis) at Jayanti, Duars, WB W Picture 133.jpg|Black-crested bulbul
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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==References==
 
==References==
 
<references>  
 
<references>  
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<ref name="chemical composition">Journal Paper - National Library of Medicine - Mallotus philippinensis Muell. Arg (Euphorbiaceae): Ethnopharmacology and Phytochemistry Review</ref>
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<ref name="chemical composition">["Chemistry"]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">Kappatagudda - A Repertoire of  Medicianal Plants of Gadag by Yashpal Kshirasagar and Sonal Vrishni, Page No. 266</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">Tropical The Ferns Information</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">["Morphology"]</ref>
 
−
 
 
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Mallotus+philippensis"Cultivation"]</ref>
 
 
<ref name="Uses">Indian Medicinal Plants by C.P.Khare</ref>
 
<ref name="Uses">Indian Medicinal Plants by C.P.Khare</ref>
 +
<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants">”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume-3” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.315, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #6/7, Kaalika Soudha, Balepete cross, Bengaluru</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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* [ http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Mallotus+philippensis details]
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* [http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Mallotus+philippensis Detailsherbs.in Mallotus philippensis on Ferns.info]
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallotus_philippensis Mallotus_philippensis.org]
 
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallotus_philippensis Mallotus_philippensis.org]
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]

Latest revision as of 10:23, 3 September 2023

Mallotus philippensis

Mallotus philippensis or Kampillaka or Kumkumada mara is a tree that bears fruits which give out red coloured powder which is used as a dye. The dye is known for its anthelmintic properties.

Uses

Anthelmintic, Skin infections, Stomach ulcer, Tapeworm infections.[1]

Parts Used

Fruits, Stem, Leaves, Root[2]

Chemical Composition

Mallotus philippinensis species are known to contain different natural compounds, Mainly Phenols, Diterpenoids, Steroids, Flavonoids, Cardenolides, Triterpenoids, Coumarins, Isocoumarins and Many more especially Phenols; that is, Bergenin, Mallotophilippinens, Rottlerin and Isorottlerin have been isolated, identified[3]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Kunkumada mara
Hindi Kamala, Rohini
Malayalam NA
Tamil Kapila, Kumkumam
Telugu Kumkuma, Sindhuri
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Kampilla, Ranjana, Rechanaka
English Kamala tree, Monkey Face Tree

[2]

Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Guna

Veerya

Vipaka

Karma

Prabhava

Habit

Seeds, Cuttings.

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Leaves are opposite on the stem Ovate to oblong in shape The upper surface is green without hairs, the underside pale grey in colour.

[4]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Yellow-brown flowers form on racemes Racemes up to 6 cm long New South Wales flowering period is from June to November Flowering period in the Philippines is March to April

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
6 to 9 mm broad covered in red powdery substance seeds 2 to 3 mm in diameter Fresh seed is advised for germination. Fruiting season is from January to April

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds

How to plant/cultivate

A plant of lower elevations in the tropics, where it can be found from sea level to 1,600 metres. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 25 - 34°c, but can tolerate 7 - 45°c. [5]

Commonly seen growing in areas

South Asia, Southeast Asia, Afghanistan and Australia, Mount Keira, South of Sydney.

Photo Gallery

  • Flowers

  • Red Coloured Fruit

  • Red kamala

  • Black-crested bulbul

References

  1. ↑ Indian Medicinal Plants by C.P.Khare
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 ”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume-3” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.315, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #6/7, Kaalika Soudha, Balepete cross, Bengaluru
  3. ↑ Journal Paper - National Library of Medicine - Mallotus philippinensis Muell. Arg (Euphorbiaceae): Ethnopharmacology and Phytochemistry Review
  4. ↑ Kappatagudda - A Repertoire of Medicianal Plants of Gadag by Yashpal Kshirasagar and Sonal Vrishni, Page No. 266
  5. ↑ Tropical The Ferns Information

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Mallotus_philippensis_-_Kamala_tree&oldid=58169"