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[[File:Annona squamosa.jpg|thumb|right|''Sitaphalam'', ''Annonaceae'']]
 
[[File:Annona squamosa.jpg|thumb|right|''Sitaphalam'', ''Annonaceae'']]
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'''Annonaceae''' is in the custard apple family. It is the largest family in the Magnoliales. Several genera produce edible fruit, most notably Annona, Anonidium, Asimina, Rollinia and Uvaria. Common names custard apple, sugar apple etc.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Wounds}}, {{Uses|Cuts}}, {{Uses|Snakebites}}, {{Uses|Curing liver disorders}}, {{Uses|Skin eruptions}}, {{Uses|Blotches}}, {{Uses|Pimples}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|Sore throats}}.<ref name="Uses"/>
  
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The Annonaceae are a family, the custard apple family, of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas. It is the largest family in the Magnoliales. Several genera produce edible fruit, most notably Annona, Anonidium, Asimina, Rollinia, and Uvaria. Common names custard apple, sugar apple, ata,<ref name="common names"/>
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Fruits}}.
  
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== Description ==
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==Chemical Composition==
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salzmannii; sesquiterpenes predominated in both essential oils. Bicyclogermacrene (38.0%), (E)-caryophyllene (27.8%), α-copaene (6.9%) and α-humulene (4.0%) were the main components of A. pickelii, while δ-cadinene (22.6%), (E)-caryophyllene (21.4%), α-copaene (13.3%), bicyclogermacrene (11.3%).<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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The species are mostly tropical, some are mid-latitude, deciduous or evergreen trees and shrubs, with some lianas, with aromatic bark, leaves, and flowers.
 
  
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Fruits and seeds
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=Sitaphala|ml=Seethapazham|sa=Atrupyum|ta=Atta|te=Sita-phalamu|hi=Sharifa, Sitaphal|en=Sugar Apple, Sweetsop}}
  
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Fruits are single berries or coalesce from several pistils (into aggregate fruit, syncarps). Seeds are one to many per pistil; have a fleshy and usually brightly colored cover, have ruminate endosperm (nutritive tissue surrounding the embryo) and are oily.
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
  
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Flowers
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===Rasa===
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Madhura (Sweet)
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===Guna===
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Sheeta (Cold)
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===Veerya===
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Sheeta (Cold)
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===Vipaka===
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Madhura (Sweet)
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===Karma===
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Vata, Pitta
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===Prabhava===
  
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Flower stalks are axillary to (on the opposite side of shoot from) leaf scars on old wood and sometimes from leaves on new shoots. The flowers are usually trimerous; borne singly or in compound inflorescences; bisexual and rarely unisexual.
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Shrub}}, {{Habit|Plant}}.
  
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== Uses ==
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple||Simple leaves with smooth margins that are alternately arranged in two rows along the stems}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
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*The bark, leaves, and roots of some species are used in folk medicines.
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===Flower===
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*The compound annonacin in the seeds and leaves of many Annonaceae including Annona muricata (soursop), is a neurotoxin and it seems to be the cause of a neurodegenerative disease.
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{{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|Yellow|5-20|Actinomorphic but zygomorphic in Monodora due to difference in size of petals, hermaphrodite}}
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*Some species of the family, such as Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang) also have aromatic oil and are used for perfumes or spices
 
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*The strong bark is used for carrying burdens in the Amazon Rainforest[5] and for wooden implements, such as tool handles and pegs.[26] The wood is valued as firewood.
 
  
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== References ==
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===Fruit===
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<References>
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{{Fruit|Simple|7–10 mm (0.28–0.4 in.) long pome|United to form a single compound fruit (Annona squamosa)|Aggregate of berries|many}}
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<ref name="common names">[https://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/4666902158 "Flickr-Sitaphalah"]</ref>
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</references>
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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Many species and cultivars of Annonaceae have been introduced anf tested in Florida<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Tall grasslands}}, {{Commonly seen|Meadows}}, {{Commonly seen|Borders of forests and fields}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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Cherimoya flowers of the cultivar Madeira.jpg|Leaves
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Cherimoya fruits of the cultivar Madeira.jpg|Nonriped fruits
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Annona crassiflora.jpg|Inside of the tree
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Floral buds of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.).jpg|Buds
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Cherimoya plant, Munhoz, Brazil.jpg|Whole tree
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มหาพรหมราชินี Mitrephora sirikitiae Weerasooriya, Chelermglin & R.M.K. Saunders. FAMILY ANNONACEAE (3).jpg|Flowers
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Annona crassiflora Mart.jpg|Fruit
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references>  
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22583044 Chemical constituents]</ref>
  
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== External Links ==
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<ref name="Leaf">[http://www.biologydiscussion.com/angiosperm/dicotyledons/annonaceae-characters-distribution-and-types/47740 Morphology]</ref>
  
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annonaceae Annonaceae-Wikipedia]
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/261375?ln=en Cultivation]</ref>
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<ref name="Uses">Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:337</ref>
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</references>
  
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==External Links==
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* [https://www.britannica.com/plant/Annonaceae Annonaceae on encyclopedea britanicca]
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* [http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/annon.htm Annonaceae on botany.hawaii]
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* [https://toptropicals.com/html/toptropicals/articles/trees/annonaceae_fragrant.htm Annonaceae on top trophical plants]
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* [https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/169/1/1/2416296 The natural history of Annonaceae]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Annonaceae]]
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[[Category:Pages without herbs images]]

Latest revision as of 12:19, 13 August 2020

Sitaphalam, Annonaceae

Annonaceae is in the custard apple family. It is the largest family in the Magnoliales. Several genera produce edible fruit, most notably Annona, Anonidium, Asimina, Rollinia and Uvaria. Common names custard apple, sugar apple etc.

Uses

Wounds, Cuts, Snakebites, Curing liver disorders, Skin eruptions, Blotches, Pimples, Diarrhea, Sore throats.[1]

Parts Used

Bark, Leaves, Fruits.

Chemical Composition

salzmannii; sesquiterpenes predominated in both essential oils. Bicyclogermacrene (38.0%), (E)-caryophyllene (27.8%), α-copaene (6.9%) and α-humulene (4.0%) were the main components of A. pickelii, while δ-cadinene (22.6%), (E)-caryophyllene (21.4%), α-copaene (13.3%), bicyclogermacrene (11.3%).[2]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Sitaphala
Hindi Sharifa, Sitaphal
Malayalam Seethapazham
Tamil Atta
Telugu Sita-phalamu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Atrupyum
English Sugar Apple, Sweetsop


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Madhura (Sweet)

Guna

Sheeta (Cold)

Veerya

Sheeta (Cold)

Vipaka

Madhura (Sweet)

Karma

Vata, Pitta

Prabhava

Habit

Shrub, Plant.

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Simple leaves with smooth margins that are alternately arranged in two rows along the stems

[3]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 2-4cm long Yellow 5-20 Actinomorphic but zygomorphic in Monodora due to difference in size of petals, hermaphrodite

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Simple 7–10 mm (0.28–0.4 in.) long pome United to form a single compound fruit (Annona squamosa) Aggregate of berries many {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

Many species and cultivars of Annonaceae have been introduced anf tested in Florida[4]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Tall grasslands, Meadows, Borders of forests and fields.

Photo Gallery

  • Leaves

  • Nonriped fruits

  • Inside of the tree

  • Buds

  • Whole tree

  • Flowers

  • Fruit

References

  1. ↑ Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:337
  2. ↑ Chemical constituents
  3. ↑ Morphology
  4. ↑ Cultivation

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Annonaceae_-_Sitaphalam&oldid=51630"