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Difference between revisions of "Nerium indicum - Ashvaghna, Karavira"

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[[File:Nerium oleander flowers leaves.jpg|thumb|right|''Ashvaghna, Karavira'']]
 
[[File:Nerium oleander flowers leaves.jpg|thumb|right|''Ashvaghna, Karavira'']]
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'''Karavira''' consists of dried leaves of Nerium indicum Mill. Syn. Nerium odorum Soland (Fam.Apocynaceae), a large evergreen woody shrub with milky Juice, found
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'''Karavira''' consists of dried leaves of Nerium indicum Mill. It is a large evergreen woody shrub with milky Juice. It is found throughout the year in upper Gangetic plains, Himalayas, from Nepal to Kashmir upto 2000 m. Central and Southern India, also cultivated near temples and gardens.<ref name="AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA"/>
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throughout the year in upper Gangetic plains, Himalayas, from Nepal to Kashmir upto 2000 m. Central and Southern India, also cultivated near temples and gardens.<ref name="AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA"/>
 
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==Uses==
 
==Uses==
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{{Uses|Fever}}, {{Uses|Wound healing}}, {{Uses|Skin diseases}}, {{Uses|Itching}}, {{Uses|Inflammation}}
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{{Uses|Fever}}, {{Uses|Wound healing}}, {{Uses|Skin diseases}}, {{Uses|Itching}}, {{Uses|Inflammation}}.<ref name="Uses"/>
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<ref name="Uses"/>
 
  
 
==Parts Used==
 
==Parts Used==
 
{{Parts Used|Whole plant}}
 
{{Parts Used|Whole plant}}
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==Common names==
 
==Common names==
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{{Common names|sa=Hayamaaraka, Harapriya|en=Indian Oleander|gu=Kanera, Karena, Karen|hi=Kaner|kn=Kanagalu, Kanagile|ks=Gandeela, Gandula|ml=Kanave eram, Arali, Kattalari|mr=Kanher|pa=Kaner|ta=Arali, Alari, Aatrulari|te=Ganneru}}
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{{Common names|sa=Hayamaaraka, Harapriya|en=Indian Oleander|gu=Kanera, Karena, Karen|hi=Kaner|kn=Kanagalu, Kanagile|ks=Gandeela, Gandula|ml=Kanave eram, Arali, Kattalari|mr=Kanher|pa=Kaner|ta=Arali, Alari, Aatrulari|te=Ganneru}}<ref name="Common names"/>
  
 
==Chemical Composition==
 
==Chemical Composition==
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Cardiac glucoside (oleandrin).
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A water extraction of crushed leaves of Nerium oleander yielded 2.3% of a crude polysaccharide. The main fraction (67%) represents a pectic polysaccharide mainly composed of galacturonic acid besides rhamnose, arabinose and galactose.<ref name="Chemical Composition"/>
  
 
==Properties==
 
==Properties==
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===Flower===
 
===Flower===
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{{Flower|Bisexual|Terminal and axillary panicles|greenish yellow|5|Flowers white, pink or dark red, single or double in cultivated, form, fragrant 3-4 cm across, peduncle and pedicel hairy, bracts small, 5-7.5 mm long. Calyx c. 6.25 mm long, divided into 5 linear, acute lobes, hairy with gland at the base inside. Corolla tube 1.8 cm long, hairy within, throat narrow, ending in five twisted petals, tips rounded, corona of 5 scales near the throat of the corolla, cleft into 4-7 linear segments. Stamen included, filament short, Anthers connivent and adherent to stigma, connectives hairy, produced upward into long thread-like hairy appendages. Ovary with two distinct carpels, style filiform, thickened upward; stigma two lobed.  }}
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{{Flower|Bisexual|Terminal and axillary panicles|Greenish yellow|5|Flowers white, pink or dark red, single or double in cultivated, form, fragrant 3-4 cm across, peduncle and pedicel hairy, bracts small, 5-7.5 mm long}}
  
 
===Fruit===
 
===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|Follicle|12-20 cm x 7:5 mm long.||Seeds brown with bristles}}
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{{Fruit|Follicle|12-20 cm x 7:5 mm long||Seeds brown with bristles}}
  
 
===Other features===
 
===Other features===
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==How to plant/cultivate==
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
  
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Cuttings can be used to propagate Oleander.
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===Season to grow===
 
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===Soil type===
 
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===Propagation===
 
  
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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==References==
 
==References==
 
<references>
 
<references>
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<ref name="AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA">THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA, PART-I, VOLUME-1, page no 85.</ref>  
 
<ref name="AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA">THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA, PART-I, VOLUME-1, page no 85.</ref>  
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<ref name="Uses">[http://dhaarrii.blogspot.com/2009/09/naravelia-zeylanica.html Uses]</ref>
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<ref name="Uses">[https://easyayurveda.com/2013/10/14/nerium-indicum-karavira-benefits-usage-side-effects-ayurveda-details/ Uses]</ref>
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<ref name="Common names">[http://envis.frlht.org/index.php/bot_search Common names]</ref>
 
<ref name="Leaf">[http://keralaplants.in/flowering-plants-kerala-dvd.aspx Botonic description]</ref>
 
<ref name="Leaf">[http://keralaplants.in/flowering-plants-kerala-dvd.aspx Botonic description]</ref>
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<ref name="Common names">[http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search Vernacular names]</ref>
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2013/10/14/nerium-indicum-karavira-benefits-usage-side-effects-ayurveda-details/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref>
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<ref name="Chemical Composition">[https://ijpsr.com/bft-article/phytochemical-and-pharmacological-potential-of-nerium-oleander-a-review/?view=fulltext Chemical constituents]</ref>
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</references>
  
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</references>
 
  
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==See also==
 
  
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==

Latest revision as of 09:53, 7 August 2020

Ashvaghna, Karavira

Karavira consists of dried leaves of Nerium indicum Mill. It is a large evergreen woody shrub with milky Juice. It is found throughout the year in upper Gangetic plains, Himalayas, from Nepal to Kashmir upto 2000 m. Central and Southern India, also cultivated near temples and gardens.[1]

Uses

Fever, Wound healing, Skin diseases, Itching, Inflammation.[2]

Parts Used

Whole plant

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Kanagalu, Kanagile
Hindi Kaner
Malayalam Kanave eram, Arali, Kattalari
Tamil Arali, Alari, Aatrulari
Telugu Ganneru
Marathi Kanher
Gujarathi Kanera, Karena, Karen
Punjabi Kaner
Kashmiri Gandeela, Gandula
Sanskrit Hayamaaraka, Harapriya
English Indian Oleander

[3]

Chemical Composition

A water extraction of crushed leaves of Nerium oleander yielded 2.3% of a crude polysaccharide. The main fraction (67%) represents a pectic polysaccharide mainly composed of galacturonic acid besides rhamnose, arabinose and galactose.[4]

Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta, Kashaya, Katu

Guna

Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshna

Veerya

Ushna (heat)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Shvasahara, Caksusya, Krimighna, Kandughna, Kushaghna, Vranapaha,

Prabhava

Habit

Shrub

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Whorls of 3 10-15 x 1-2 cm, linear-lanceolate, tapering at both ends, acuminate, thick coriaceous, midrib prominent, nerves numerous; petiole 5-7.5 mm long

[5]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Bisexual Terminal and axillary panicles Greenish yellow 5 Flowers white, pink or dark red, single or double in cultivated, form, fragrant 3-4 cm across, peduncle and pedicel hairy, bracts small, 5-7.5 mm long

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Follicle 12-20 cm x 7:5 mm long Seeds brown with bristles {{{5}}} {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

[6]

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

Cuttings can be used to propagate Oleander.

Commonly seen growing in areas

Tropical area.

Photo Gallery

  • Leaves

  • Flowers

  • Seeds

  • Fruits

  • Seeds

References

  1. ↑ THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA, PART-I, VOLUME-1, page no 85.
  2. ↑ Uses
  3. ↑ Common names
  4. ↑ Chemical constituents
  5. ↑ Botonic description
  6. ↑ Ayurvedic preparations


External Links

THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA

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