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Difference between revisions of "Boerhavia diffusa - Punarnava"

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[[File:Boerhaavia diffusa.jpg|thumb|right|''Punarnava'', ''Boerhavia diffusa'']]
 
[[File:Boerhaavia diffusa.jpg|thumb|right|''Punarnava'', ''Boerhavia diffusa'']]
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'''Punarnava''' is a species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family which is commonly known as punarnava. It is taken in herbal medicine for pain relief and other uses. The leaves of punarnava are often used as a green vegetable in many parts of India. It's family is Nyctaginaceae.<ref name="Plant family"/>
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Obesity}}, {{Uses|Dropsy}}, {{Uses|Blood pressure}}, {{Uses|Gastric disturbances}}, {{Uses|Asthma}}, {{Uses|Jaundice}}, {{Uses|Anascara}}, {{Uses|Anaemia}}, {{Uses|Internal inflammation}}, {{Uses|Indurated liver}}
  
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Punarnava is a species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family which is commonly known as punarnava (meaning that which rejuvenates or renews the body in Ayurveda), red spiderling, spreading hogweed, or tarvine. It is taken in herbal medicine for pain relief and other uses. The leaves of B. diffusa are often used as a green vegetable in many parts of India.
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Roots}}, {{Parts Used|Seeds}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}
  
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Boerhavia diffusa is widely dispersed, occurring throughout India, the Pacific, and southern United States. This wide range is explained by its small fruit, which are very sticky and grow a few inches off the ground, ideally placed to latch on to small migratory birds as they walk by.
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==Chemical Composition==
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Major components are sitosterol, Esters of sitosterol, Punarnavine, Boerhaavia acid, Boeravinone, Palmitic acid and many other compounds are present in this plant.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
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Punarnava is widely used as a green leafy vegetable in many Asian and African countries. B. diffusa can be used as a fodder for livestock, but has the potential for contaminating seed stocks, and may harbor pathogens for certain crops, such as eggplants.
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=Gonajali, Kommegida|ml=Talutama, Tamilama|sa=Punarnavah, Raktakanda|ta=Caranai, Caranai ver|te=Ambati madu, Atikamamidi|hi=Varshbhu|en=Red spiderling}}
  
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The herb has other benefits like:
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
  
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*Helps in maintaining the functioning of the kidney
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===Rasa===
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*Maintains health of the urinary tract
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Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent), Madhura (Sweet)
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*It helps in improving the liver functioning and also the respiratory health
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===Guna===
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*It supports the body’s ability to expel the fluids from the body
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Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry)
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*It the best known natural management for relieving the problem of weight loss.
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===Veerya===
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Ushna (Hot)
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===Vipaka===
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Katu (Pungent)
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===Karma===
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Pitta, Kapha
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===Prabhava===
  
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Perennial plant}}
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|Ovate-cordiform|Leaf Arrangement is Opposite}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual||Pink|5-20|In terminal or axillary panicles of umbellate or capitate clusters}}
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|Club-shaped anthocarp|7–10 mm (0.28–0.4 in.) long pome|Fruiting throughout the year|With hooked hairs|}}
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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*[[Punarnavaadi mandura]]
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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Boerhavia diffusa is widespread through much of the tropics and the subtropics and has also become naturalized in parts of the temperate zone Prefers a sunny position and a well-drained soil.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Season to grow==
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April-May
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==Required Ecosystem/Climate==
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It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought.<ref name="Required Ecosystem/Climate"/>
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==Kind of soil needed==
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Light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils and prefers well-drained soil.
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Open places near the sea}}, {{Commonly seen|Dry river valleys}}, {{Commonly seen|Along roadsides}}, {{Commonly seen|Warm river valleys}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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File:Boerhavia diffusa flower.jpg|Leaves
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File:Boerhavia diffusa in AP W IMG 8081.jpg|Flowers
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File:Plume moth on Boerhavia diffusa W IMG 1002.jpg|Flowers
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File:Boerhavia diffusa fruits.jpg|Fruits
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File:തഴുതാമ.jpg|Hole plant
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[http://www.phytojournal.com/vol1Issue1/Issue_may_2012/5.pdf Chemical constituents]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/32997 Morphology]</ref>
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<ref name="Plant family">Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:07</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Boerhavia+diffusa Cultivation Details]</ref>
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<ref name="Required Ecosystem/Climate">[https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Boerhavia+diffusa Required Ecosystem/Climate]</ref>
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</references>
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==External Links==
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* [https://examine.com/supplements/boerhaavia-diffusa/ Summary of Boerhaavia diffusa]
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* [https://easyayurveda.com/2014/11/17/punarnava-boerhavia-diffusa-benefits-dose-side-effects/ Benefits, dose, side effects]
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* [https://www.prota4u.org/database/protav8.asp?g=pe&p=Boerhavia+diffusa+L. Boerhavia diffusa on porta4U record display.org]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Nyctaginaceae]]

Latest revision as of 16:16, 6 November 2020

Punarnava, Boerhavia diffusa

Punarnava is a species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family which is commonly known as punarnava. It is taken in herbal medicine for pain relief and other uses. The leaves of punarnava are often used as a green vegetable in many parts of India. It's family is Nyctaginaceae.[1]

Uses

Obesity, Dropsy, Blood pressure, Gastric disturbances, Asthma, Jaundice, Anascara, Anaemia, Internal inflammation, Indurated liver

Parts Used

Roots, Seeds, Leaves

Chemical Composition

Major components are sitosterol, Esters of sitosterol, Punarnavine, Boerhaavia acid, Boeravinone, Palmitic acid and many other compounds are present in this plant.[2]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Gonajali, Kommegida
Hindi Varshbhu
Malayalam Talutama, Tamilama
Tamil Caranai, Caranai ver
Telugu Ambati madu, Atikamamidi
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Punarnavah, Raktakanda
English Red spiderling


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent), Madhura (Sweet)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Pitta, Kapha

Prabhava

Habit

Perennial plant

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Ovate-cordiform Leaf Arrangement is Opposite

[3]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual Pink 5-20 In terminal or axillary panicles of umbellate or capitate clusters

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Club-shaped anthocarp 7–10 mm (0.28–0.4 in.) long pome Fruiting throughout the year With hooked hairs {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

Boerhavia diffusa is widespread through much of the tropics and the subtropics and has also become naturalized in parts of the temperate zone Prefers a sunny position and a well-drained soil.[4]

Season to grow

April-May

Required Ecosystem/Climate

It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought.[5]

Kind of soil needed

Light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils and prefers well-drained soil.

Commonly seen growing in areas

Open places near the sea, Dry river valleys, Along roadsides, Warm river valleys.

Photo Gallery

  • Leaves

  • Flowers

  • Flowers

  • Fruits

  • Hole plant

References

  1. ↑ Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:07
  2. ↑ Chemical constituents
  3. ↑ Morphology
  4. ↑ Cultivation Details
  5. ↑ Required Ecosystem/Climate

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Boerhavia_diffusa_-_Punarnava&oldid=53524"