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Difference between revisions of "Glycyrrhiza glabra - Yashtimadhu"

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[[File:Glycyrrhiza glabra inflorescence.jpg|thumb|right|''Yashtimadhu'', ''Liquorice'']]
 
[[File:Glycyrrhiza glabra inflorescence.jpg|thumb|right|''Yashtimadhu'', ''Liquorice'']]
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''' Glycyrrhiza glabra''' is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a herbaceous perennial legume native to southern Europe and parts of Asia, such as India. It is not botanically related to anise, star anise, or fennel, which are sources of similar flavouring compounds.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Arthritis}}, {{Uses|Mouth ulcers}}, {{Uses|Cough}}, {{Uses|Asthma}}, {{Uses|Bronchitis}}, {{Uses|Blotches}}, {{Uses|Peptic ulcer}}, {{Uses|Allergic complaints}}, {{Uses|High blood pressure}}, {{Uses|Kidney disease}}, {{Uses|Herpes}}, {{Uses|Acidity}}, {{Uses|Increases strength}}, {{Uses|Throat disorder}}, {{Uses|Hair problems}}, {{Uses|Respiratory disorder}}.
  
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'''Liquorice,''' or '''licorice''',<ref name="meaning"/> is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a herbaceous perennial legume native to southern Europe and parts of Asia, such as India. It is not botanically related to anise, star anise, or fennel, which are sources of similar flavouring compounds.
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Roots}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
  
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Most liquorice is used as a flavouring agent for tobacco, particularly US blend cigarettes, to which liquorice lends a natural sweetness and a distinctive flavour and makes it easier to inhale the smoke by creating bronchodilators, which open up the lungs. Liquorice flavours are also used as candies or sweeteners, particularly in some European and Middle Eastern countries. Liquorice extracts have a number of medical uses, and they are also used in herbal and folk medications. Excessive consumption of liquorice (more than 2 mg/kg/day of pure glycyrrhizinic acid, a liquorice component) may result in adverse effects, and overconsumption should be suspected clinically in patients presenting with otherwise unexplained hypokalemia and muscle weakness.<ref name="int"/>
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==Chemical Composition==
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Glycosides, glycyrrhizin (about 7%) and glycyrrhizinic acid, triterpenoid glycosides (saponins), flavonoids<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
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Glycyrrhizin has also demonstrated antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and blood pressure-increasing effects in vitro and in vivo, as is supported by the finding that intravenous glycyrrhizin (as if it is given orally very little of the original drug makes it into circulation) slows the progression of viral and autoimmune hepatitis. In one clinical trial liquorice demonstrated promising activity, when applied topically, against atopic dermatitis. Additionally, liquorice may be effective in treating hyperlipidaemia (a high amount of fats in the blood). Liquorice has also demonstrated efficacy in treating inflammation-induced skin hyperpigmentation. Liquorice may also be useful in preventing neurodegenerative disorders and dental caries.<ref name="uses"/>
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=Yashtimadhu|ta=|te=|hi=|en=}}
  
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The antiulcer, laxative, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antitumour and expectorant properties of liquorice have been investigated.
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
  
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==Useful parts of the plant==
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===Rasa===
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Madhura (Sweet)
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===Guna===
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Guru (Heavy), Snigda (unctous)
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===Veerya===
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Sheeta (Cold)
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===Vipaka===
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Madhura (Sweet)
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===Karma===
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Vata, Pitta
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===Prabhava===
  
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*'''Root'''.
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Herb}}
  
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==Common name==
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple||Divided into 9–17 leaflets, held on a leaf stalk 10–20 cm long}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
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* '''English''' - Liquorice
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===Flower===
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* '''Kannada''' - ಮಧುಕ
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{{Flower|Unisexual|1.0–1.5 cm long|Violet|5-20|The flowers are held in loose, conical spires, almost as long as the leaves}}
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* '''Hindi''' - मुलेठी
 
  
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== References ==
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit||1–3 cm long and 4–5 mm wide|Each pod contains 2–5 brown to blackish seeds|With hooked hairs|Many}}
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===Other features===
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 +
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Yashtimadhu taila]]
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* [[Kumkumadi taila]]
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/>
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==Where to get the saplings==
 +
==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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Requires a deep well cultivated fertile moisture-retentive soil for good root production<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Dry open places}}, {{Commonly seen|Sandy places near the sea}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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01731 - Glycyrrhiza glabra (Deutsches Süßholz).JPG|Fruits
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01732 - Glycyrrhiza glabra (Deutsches Süßholz).JPG|Whole herb
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Amorpha et Glycyrrhiza.jpg|Leaves
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Bamberg 20140513092749.jpg|At field
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</gallery>
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==References==
  
 
<references>  
 
<references>  
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<ref name="int">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3498851/ "How much is too much? in Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message from Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism"]</ref>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.mdidea.com/products/new/new01103.html Phytochemicals]</ref>
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<ref name="meaning">[http://www.dictionary.com/browse/licorice "Liquorice"]</ref>
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<ref name="uses">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183139/pdf/nihms307525.pdf  "Neuroprotection by spice-derived nutraceuticals: you are what you eat!"]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:496941-1 Plant description]</ref>
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2012/12/08/licorice-benefits-medicinal-qualities-complete-ayurveda-details/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Glycyrrhiza+glabra Cultivation details]</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
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== External Links ==
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==External Links==
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* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3498851/ Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message]
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquorice Liquorice-Wikipedia]
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* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183139/pdf/nihms307525.pdf Glycyrrhiza glabra-Neuroprotection by Spice-Derived Nutraceuticals]
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* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0308814690901592 Liquorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra L.—Composition, uses and analysis]
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* [http://ijpsr.com/bft-article/glycyrrhiza-glabra-a-phytopharmacological-review/?view=fulltext Glycyrrhiza glabra on INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH]
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Fabaceae]]

Latest revision as of 10:37, 13 May 2020

Yashtimadhu, Liquorice

Glycyrrhiza glabra is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a herbaceous perennial legume native to southern Europe and parts of Asia, such as India. It is not botanically related to anise, star anise, or fennel, which are sources of similar flavouring compounds.

Uses

Arthritis, Mouth ulcers, Cough, Asthma, Bronchitis, Blotches, Peptic ulcer, Allergic complaints, High blood pressure, Kidney disease, Herpes, Acidity, Increases strength, Throat disorder, Hair problems, Respiratory disorder.

Parts Used

Roots, Leaves.

Chemical Composition

Glycosides, glycyrrhizin (about 7%) and glycyrrhizinic acid, triterpenoid glycosides (saponins), flavonoids[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada
Hindi
Malayalam
Tamil
Telugu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Yashtimadhu
English


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Madhura (Sweet)

Guna

Guru (Heavy), Snigda (unctous)

Veerya

Sheeta (Cold)

Vipaka

Madhura (Sweet)

Karma

Vata, Pitta

Prabhava

Habit

Herb

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Divided into 9–17 leaflets, held on a leaf stalk 10–20 cm long

[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 1.0–1.5 cm long Violet 5-20 The flowers are held in loose, conical spires, almost as long as the leaves

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
1–3 cm long and 4–5 mm wide Each pod contains 2–5 brown to blackish seeds With hooked hairs Many {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

[3]

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

Requires a deep well cultivated fertile moisture-retentive soil for good root production[4]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Dry open places, Sandy places near the sea.

Photo Gallery

  • Fruits

  • Whole herb

  • Leaves

  • At field

References

  1. ↑ Phytochemicals
  2. ↑ Plant description
  3. ↑ Ayurvedic preparations
  4. ↑ Cultivation details

External Links

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