Difference between revisions of "Veratrum nigrum - Black false hellebore"

Latest revision as of 12:39, 1 September 2020

Veratrum nigrum, Black false hellebore

Veratrum nigrum is a widespread Eurasian species of perennial flower of the family Melanthiaceae. The plant was widely known even in ancient times.

Uses

Lower blood pressure, Slow heart rate, Hypertension, Cardiac failure, Pre-eclampsia, Cancer, Skin disorders.

Parts Used

Whole plant.

Chemical Composition

One new steroid alkaloid, 12β-hydroxylveratroylzygadenine and four known compounds, verdine, jervine, veramarine, and veratroylzygadenine, have been isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Veratrum nigrum L.^[1]

Common names

Language	Common name
Kannada	Aavarike
Hindi	Tarwar
Malayalam
Tamil	Aavārai
Telugu	Taṃgēḍu
Marathi	NA
Gujarathi	NA
Punjabi	NA
Kashmiri	NA
Sanskrit	Aaavartaki
English	Avaram senna

Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Katu (Pungent)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Tikshna (Sharp)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Kapha, Vata

Prabhava

Habit

Herb

Identification

Leaf

Kind	Shape	Feature
Alternate	Deciduous	Nbloisg est frbdkaef lyodildn

^[2]

Flower

Type	Size	Color and composition	Stamen	More information
Nocturnal		Green	5-20	Rocltl peasod ubfelhonl, rwo ogn rbeern, Flower Time is Late winter and early spring

Fruit

Type	Size	Mass	Appearance	Seeds	More information
Short legume					{{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Root Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

Requires a deep fertile moisture retentive humus-rich soil^[3]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Trophical region, Woodland Garden, Cultivated Beds.

Photo Gallery

References

External Links

Veratrum nigrum on ballyrobertgardens

Veratrum nigrum on theplantlist.org

[chemical_composition-1] Chemical constituents

[Leaf-2] Morphology

[How_to_plant.2Fcultivate-3] Cultivation details

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[File:Ciemiężyca czarna Veratrum nigrum flowers 01.jpg|thumb|right|''Veratrum nigrum'', ''Black false hellebore'']]
-'''Veratrum nigrum''' (common name '''black false hellebore''') is a widespread Eurasian species of perennial flower of the family Melanthiaceae. Despite its common name, V. nigrum is not closely related to the true hellebores, nor does it resemble them.
+'''Veratrum nigrum''' is a widespread Eurasian species of perennial flower of the family Melanthiaceae. The plant was widely known even in ancient times.
-The plant was widely known even in ancient times. For example, Lucretius (ca. 99 BCE – ca. 55 BCE) and Pliny the Elder (23 AD – August 25, 79) both knew of its medicinal emetic as well as deadly toxic properties.
+==Uses==
+{{Uses|Lower blood pressure}}, {{Uses|Slow heart rate}}, {{Uses|Hypertension}}, {{Uses|Cardiac failure}}, {{Uses|Pre-eclampsia}}, {{Uses|Cancer}}, {{Uses|Skin disorders}}.
+==Parts Used==
+{{Parts Used|Whole plant}}.
+==Chemical Composition==
+One new steroid alkaloid, 12β-hydroxylveratroylzygadenine and four known compounds, verdine, jervine, veramarine, and veratroylzygadenine, have been isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Veratrum nigrum L.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
+==Common names==
+{{Common names|kn=Aavarike|ml=|sa=Aaavartaki|ta=Aavārai|te=Taṃgēḍu|hi=Tarwar|en=Avaram senna}}
+==Properties==
+Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
+===Dravya===
+===Rasa===
+Katu (Pungent)
+===Guna===
+Laghu (Light), Tikshna (Sharp)
+===Veerya===
+Ushna (Hot)
+===Vipaka===
+Katu (Pungent)
+===Karma===
+Kapha, Vata
+===Prabhava===
+==Habit==
+{{Habit|Herb}}
+==Identification==
+===Leaf===
+{{Leaf|Alternate|Deciduous|Nbloisg est frbdkaef lyodildn}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
+===Flower===
+{{Flower|Nocturnal||Green|5-20|Rocltl peasod ubfelhonl, rwo ogn rbeern, Flower Time is Late winter and early spring}}
+===Fruit===
+{{Fruit|Short legume||||}}
+===Other features===
+==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
+==Where to get the saplings==
+==Mode of Propagation==
+{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Root Cuttings}}.
+==How to plant/cultivate==
+Requires a deep fertile moisture retentive humus-rich soil<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
+==Commonly seen growing in areas==
+{{Commonly seen|Trophical region}}, {{Commonly seen|Woodland Garden}}, {{Commonly seen|Cultivated Beds}}.
+==Photo Gallery==
+<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
-== Description ==
-The plant has a robust black rhizome. Simple angiosperm leaves arranged in a whorled pattern emerge from the base of the plant. Each whorl is decussate (rotated by half the angle between the leaves in the whorl below), with only two or three whorls around the base. Each leaf is sessile (attaching directly to the plant), and about 12 inches (300 mm) in length. The leaves are broad, glabrous (smooth), lanceolate in shape, with entire (smooth) edges. The veins in the leaves branch immediately from the base and run parallel through the leaf, leaving a pleated look. Long, green, coarse, woody spike racemes branch off in decussate patterns from the main trunk, with short pedicels supporting a single flower. The flowers are purple-black, giving the plant its name.
+Blad van Veratrum nigrum.jpg
-Veratrum nigrum blooms in early summer for several weeks, but goes dormant in intense summer heat. It tends to grow in colonies, and attains a height of about 4 feet (1.2 m). Its racemes branch out to about 24 inches (610 mm) in width. The seed heads are crimson in color.[8] Plants grown from seeds will generally push through the earth and sprout leaves in early spring.
+Ciemiężyca czarna Veratrum nigrum flowers 01.jpg
-== Uses ==
+Ciemiężyca czarna Veratrum nigrum flowers.JPG
-*The dry root of Veratrum nigrum can lower blood pressure and slow heart rate, possibly by stimulating the vagus nerve, if taken in small doses internally.<ref name="uses"/>
-* It has been used to treat hypertension and cardiac failure, and to treat pre-eclampsia during pregnancy.<ref name="uses2"/>
+Ciemiężyca czarna Veratrum nigrum fruit.jpg
-*Cyclopamine is under investigation as a possible treatment for several cancers (such as basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma) and skin disorders (such as psoriasis), which result from excessive Hh activity.
-*In Asia, an extract of the herb is mixed with water in a 1 percent to 5 percent solution and used in many rural areas to kill fleas, their larvae, and their eggs in toilets.
+Kýchavice černá.jpg
+PP Na Pilavě 02 - porost s kýchavicí černou (Veratrum nigrum).JPG
+Verartrum nigrum 02.JPG
+Veratrum nigrum (9008600237).jpg
-=common name==
+</gallery>
-* '''English''' - Black false hellebore
+==References==
-== References ==
+<references>
-<references>
+<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10286020802133266 Chemical constituents]</ref>
-<ref name="uses">Huang, The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs, 1998, p. 246.</ref>
+<ref name="Leaf">[https://garden.org/plants/view/117704/Black-False-Hellebore-Veratrum-nigrum/ Morphology]</ref>
-<ref name="uses2">Barceloux, Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances, 2008, p. 815.</ref>
+<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.pfaf.org/USER/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Veratrum+nigrum Cultivation details]</ref>
 </references>
-== External Links ==
+==External Links==
+* [https://www.ballyrobertgardens.com/products/veratrum-nigrum Veratrum nigrum on  ballyrobertgardens ]
-*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veratrum_nigrum Veratrum nigrum]
+* [http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-291285 Veratrum nigrum on theplantlist.org]
 [[Category:Herbs]]
+[[Category:Melanthiaceae]]