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Difference between revisions of "Asparagus racemosus - Shatavari"

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[[File:Asparagus racemosus plant.JPG|thumb|right|''Shatavari'']]
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'''Asparagus racemosus''' is a species of asparagus. It is common throughout Nepal, Sri Lanka, India and the Himalayas. It grows one to two metres tall. It prefers to take root in gravelly, rocky soils high up in piedmont plains.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Gastric ulcers }}, {{Uses|Dyspepsia}}, {{Uses|Galactogogue}}, {{Uses|Intrinsic haemorrhage}}, {{Uses|Diarrhoea}}, {{Uses|Piles}}, {{Uses|Hoarseness of voice}}, {{Uses|Cough}}, {{Uses|Arthritis}}, {{Uses|Poisoning}}, {{Uses|Rejuvinative}}, {{Uses|Increases breast milk}}, {{Uses|Increase strength}}, {{Uses|Infertility}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>.
  
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[[File:Asparagus racemosus.JPG|thumb|right|''Asparagus racemosus(Satavari)'']]
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===Food===
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Shatavari can be used in food. White tuberous roots are eaten raw. Tender shoots are cooked as vegetable<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>.
  
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'''Satavari''' or '''Asparagus racemosus''' is a species of asparagus common throughout Nepal, Sri Lanka, India and the Himalayas. It grows one to two metres tall and prefers to take root in gravelly, rocky soils high up in piedmont plains, at 1,300–1,400 metres elevation. It was botanically described in 1799.Because of its multiple uses, the demand for Asparagus racemosus is constantly on the rise. Because of destructive harvesting, combined with habitat destruction, and deforestation, the plant is now considered "endangered" in its natural habitat.
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Roots}}<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants"/>.
  
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==Uses==
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==Chemical composition==
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{{Uses|gastric ulcers }}, {{Uses|dyspepsia}}, {{Uses|galactogogue}}, {{Uses|intrinsic haemorrhage}}, {{Uses|diarrhoea}}, {{Uses|piles}}, {{Uses|hoarseness of voice}}, {{Uses|cough}}, {{Uses|arthritis}}, {{Uses|poisoning}}.
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The major bioactive constituents of asparagus are a group of steroidal saponins. This plant also contains vitamins A, B1, B2, C, E, Mg, P, Ca, Fe, and folic acid. Other primary chemical constituents of Asparagus are essential oils, asparagine, arginine, tyrosine, flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin, and rutin), resin, and tannin. acid<ref name="Chemical composition"/>
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn= ಆಷಾಢಿ ಬೇರು Ashadi beru, ಹಲವು ಮಕ್ಕಳ ತಾಯಿ ಬೇರು Halavu makkala taayi beru,|ml=Sathavari|sa=Satamuli, Satavari|ta=Tannir-vittan|te=Abiruvu, Cella|hi=Shatamuli|en=Buttermilk root, Climbing asparagus, Water root, Wild asparagus, Wild carrot|sa= Satamuli, Satavari |mr= Shatamuli, Shatavari}}
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<ref name="Common names"/>
  
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==Parts Used==
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==Properties==
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{{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Seed}}, {{Parts Used|Oil}}
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
  
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==Chemical Composition==
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===Rasa===
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Tender shoots of alfalfa are reported to contain per 100 g 52 calories, 82.7% moisture, 6 g protein, 0.4 g fat, 9.5 g total carbohydrate, 3.1 g fiber, 1.4 g ash, 12 mg Ca, 51 mg P, 5.4 mg Fe, 3410 IU Vit A, 0.13 mg thiamine, 0.14 mg riboflavin, 0.5 mg niacin, and 162 mg ascorbic acid<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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Madhura(sweet), Tikta(Bitter)
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===Guna===
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Guru(Heavy), Snigdha(Oily)
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===Veerya===
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Sheeta(Cold Potency)
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===Vipaka===
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Madhura
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===Karma===
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<ref name="Properties"/>
  
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==Common names==
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===Nutritional components===
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{{Common names|kn=halavu makkala taayi beru|ml=sathavari|sa=satamuli, satavari|ta=tannir-vittan|te=abiruvu, cella|hi=shatamuli|en=buttermilk root, climbing asparagus, water root, wild asparagus, wild carrot}}
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Shatavari contains the Following nutritional components like Vitamin-A, B1, B2, B6 and C; Calcium, Iron, Manganese, Magnesium, Potassium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Zinc<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>
  
 
==Habit==
 
==Habit==
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{{Habit|Herb}}
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{{Habit|An armed vine}}
  
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
===Leaf===
 
===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|simple|dentate|The leaflets are 5-20 mm long and dentate (toothed) at the apex and sometimes at the base}}.<ref name="Leaf"/>
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{{Leaf|Simple|Linear|Leaf Apices is Acuminate Leaf arrangement is Alternate distichous and Leaf Margins are Entire}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
 
===Flower===
 
===Flower===
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{{Flower|pale lavender|2-4cm long|violet|6-12 mm long|The flowers are papilionaceous, typical of species}}
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{{Flower|Clustered racemes|2-4cm long|White||Flowers are in fragrant. Flowering from June-October}}
  
 
===Fruit===
 
===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|loose spiral| A curved or loose spiral seed pod is present||seeds are yellow to brow.n in colour|10 to 20 seed}}
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{{Fruit|Loose spiral|A berry, globose, red when ripe. Seeds 3-6, globose or angled|Fruting from October onwards|Seeds are yellow to brown in colour|Seeds 3-6}}
  
 
===Other features===
 
===Other features===
  
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract''
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[[Shatavari gulam]], [[Shatavaryadi ghrita]], [[Shatavaryadi churna]], [[Narasimha churna]], [[Anutaila]], [[Abana]], [[Ashoka Grita]], [[Eranda paaka]], [[Ovoutoline]], [[Chandrakala Ras]], [[Diabecon]], [[Narayana Taila]], [[Prabhanjana vimardhana Taila]], [[Basant Kusumaakar Ras]], [[Mahatikta grita]], [[Mahanarayana taila]], [[Mahamaasha Taila]], [[Maharasnadi Kvata Churna]], [[Musali paaka]], [[Lakshmivilasa rasa]], [[Shatvaryadi Churna]]<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/>
  
 
==Where to get the saplings==
 
==Where to get the saplings==
 
==Mode of Propagation==
 
==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Stem cutting}}.
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Root division}}.
  
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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==Cultivation Details==
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For cultivation of alfalfa, land should be well-plowed. Farm manure could be applied six weeks before planting, with additional manurings as top dressing after every third cutting. Crop is propagated by seed. As seeds have hard coat, they should be scarified or soaked in water before sowing.
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Both seeds and crown rhizomes can be used for propagation. However, seeds are preferable on account of high production that makes up for low germination percentage in cultivation. Seeds may be collected from March to May when their colour changes from red to black. Seeds are sown in farm yard manure enriched soil<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>. Shatavari is available through June to October<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>.
  
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|western Himalayas}}, {{Commonly seen|open woodland}}, {{Commonly seen|moisty soil area}}.
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{{Commonly seen|Forests}}, {{Commonly seen|Thickets}}, {{Commonly seen|Moisty soil area}}, {{Commonly seen|Himalayas}}, {{Commonly seen|Eastwards from Kashmir}}.
  
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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Image:Lucerne flowers.jpg|''Medicago sativa''
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Asparagus racemosus fleurs.JPG|<center>Flower</center>
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Image:Medicago sativa Alfals006.jpg|''M. sativa''
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Asparagus racemosus plant.JPG|<center>Field</center>
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Image:Medicago sativa 02 bgiu.jpg|''M. sativa''
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Asparagus racemosus Willd. (5780788233).jpg|<center>Buds</center>
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Image:Luzerne-600.jpg|''M. sativa''|Image:Medicago-sativa-flowers.jpg|Flowers
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Asparagus racemosus1.jpg|<center>Whole herb</center>
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Image:YellowPrairieFlower.jpg|Yellow flowers
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Shatavari 01.JPG|<center>Fruits</center>
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Image:VioletPrairieFlower.JPG|Light violet flowers
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<ref name=“Karnataka Medicinal Plants”>”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume-3” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.32, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #6/7, Kaalika Soudha, Balepete cross, Bengaluru</ref>
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File:Alfalfa frutos-1.JPG|''M. sativa'' var. ''sativa'', mature fruits
 
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Image:Mesa 002 lhp.jpg|Seeds <small>(actual size ≈2mm)</small>
 
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Image:Scythe_in_lucern_field.jpg|Lucerne field
 
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Image:ARS_Megachile_rotundata.jpg|Bee on alfalfa flower
 
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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<references>  
 
<references>  
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Medicago_sativa.html "purdue university"]</ref>
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<ref name="Chemical composition>[http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2010;volume=4;issue=8;spage=215;epage=220;aulast=Negi Chemical constituents of Asparagus]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30234961-2 "kew science"]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/32039 Morphology]</ref>
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2015/01/04/shatavari-asparagus-racemosus-uses-research-side-effects/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/package-of-practices/medicinal-and-aromatic-plants/asparagus-racemosus Cultivation details]</ref>
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<ref name="Common names">[https://sites.google.com/site/indiannamesofplants/via-species/a/asparagus-racemosus Common names]</ref>
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<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat">"Forest food for Northern region of Western Ghats" by Dr. Mandar N. Datar and Dr. Anuradha S. Upadhye, Page No.1022, Published by Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science (MACS) Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road, Pune</ref>
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<ref name="Karnataka Medicinal Plants">”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume-3” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.1183, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #6/7, Kaalika Soudha, Balepete cross, Bengaluru</ref>
 +
<ref name="Properties">Referred by an article from Easy Ayurveda Website</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4027291/ Plant profile, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari): A review]
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* [http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Satawari.htm Shatavari on flowers of india]
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* [http://www.planetayurveda.com/library/shatavari-asparagus-racemosusl Asparagus racemosus on planet ayurveda]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have flower, fruit and leaf photos]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
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[[Category:Asparagaceae]]

Latest revision as of 15:50, 25 October 2023

Shatavari

Asparagus racemosus is a species of asparagus. It is common throughout Nepal, Sri Lanka, India and the Himalayas. It grows one to two metres tall. It prefers to take root in gravelly, rocky soils high up in piedmont plains.

Uses

Gastric ulcers , Dyspepsia, Galactogogue, Intrinsic haemorrhage, Diarrhoea, Piles, Hoarseness of voice, Cough, Arthritis, Poisoning, Rejuvinative, Increases breast milk, Increase strength, Infertility[1].

Food

Shatavari can be used in food. White tuberous roots are eaten raw. Tender shoots are cooked as vegetable[2].

Parts Used

Leaves, Roots[1].

Chemical composition

The major bioactive constituents of asparagus are a group of steroidal saponins. This plant also contains vitamins A, B1, B2, C, E, Mg, P, Ca, Fe, and folic acid. Other primary chemical constituents of Asparagus are essential oils, asparagine, arginine, tyrosine, flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin, and rutin), resin, and tannin. acid[3]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada ಆಷಾಢಿ ಬೇರು Ashadi beru, ಹಲವು ಮಕ್ಕಳ ತಾಯಿ ಬೇರು Halavu makkala taayi beru,
Hindi Shatamuli
Malayalam Sathavari
Tamil Tannir-vittan
Telugu Abiruvu, Cella
Marathi Shatamuli, Shatavari
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Satamuli, Satavari
English Buttermilk root, Climbing asparagus, Water root, Wild asparagus, Wild carrot

[4]

Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Madhura(sweet), Tikta(Bitter)

Guna

Guru(Heavy), Snigdha(Oily)

Veerya

Sheeta(Cold Potency)

Vipaka

Madhura

Karma

[5]

Nutritional components

Shatavari contains the Following nutritional components like Vitamin-A, B1, B2, B6 and C; Calcium, Iron, Manganese, Magnesium, Potassium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Zinc[2]

Habit

An armed vine

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Linear Leaf Apices is Acuminate Leaf arrangement is Alternate distichous and Leaf Margins are Entire

[6]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Clustered racemes 2-4cm long White Flowers are in fragrant. Flowering from June-October

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Loose spiral A berry, globose, red when ripe. Seeds 3-6, globose or angled Fruting from October onwards Seeds are yellow to brown in colour Seeds 3-6 {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Shatavari gulam, Shatavaryadi ghrita, Shatavaryadi churna, Narasimha churna, Anutaila, Abana, Ashoka Grita, Eranda paaka, Ovoutoline, Chandrakala Ras, Diabecon, Narayana Taila, Prabhanjana vimardhana Taila, Basant Kusumaakar Ras, Mahatikta grita, Mahanarayana taila, Mahamaasha Taila, Maharasnadi Kvata Churna, Musali paaka, Lakshmivilasa rasa, Shatvaryadi Churna[7]

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Root division.

Cultivation Details

Both seeds and crown rhizomes can be used for propagation. However, seeds are preferable on account of high production that makes up for low germination percentage in cultivation. Seeds may be collected from March to May when their colour changes from red to black. Seeds are sown in farm yard manure enriched soil[8]. Shatavari is available through June to October[2].

Commonly seen growing in areas

Forests, Thickets, Moisty soil area, Himalayas, Eastwards from Kashmir.

Photo Gallery

  • Flower
  • Field
  • Buds
  • Whole herb
  • Fruits

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 ”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume-3” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No.1183, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #6/7, Kaalika Soudha, Balepete cross, Bengaluru
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Forest food for Northern region of Western Ghats" by Dr. Mandar N. Datar and Dr. Anuradha S. Upadhye, Page No.1022, Published by Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science (MACS) Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road, Pune
  3. ↑ Chemical constituents of Asparagus
  4. ↑ Common names
  5. ↑ Referred by an article from Easy Ayurveda Website
  6. ↑ Morphology
  7. ↑ Ayurvedic preparations
  8. ↑ Cultivation details

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Asparagus_racemosus_-_Shatavari&oldid=58509"