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Difference between revisions of "Cassia fistula - Aragvadha"

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[[File:Konnamaram.JPG|thumb|right|''Cassia fistula'']]
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'''Cassia fistula''' known as the golden rain tree. It is a flowering plant. The species is native to the Indian subcontinent and adjacent regions of Southeast Asia. It ranges from southern Pakistan eastward throughout India to Myanmar and Thailand and south to Sri Lanka. This tree is belongs to Caesalpiniaceae.<ref name="Plant family"/>
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[[File:Konnamaram.JPG|thumb|right|''Cissampelos'', '' Patha'']]
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Fever}}, {{Uses|Skin diseases}}, {{Uses|Rheumatic diseases}}, {{Uses|Cervical lyrnphadenitis}}, {{Uses|Cardiac diseases}}, {{Uses|Worm Infestations}}, {{Uses|Abdominal pain}}.
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Cassia fistula known as the golden rain tree, canafistula and by other names, is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. The species is native to the Indian subcontinent and adjacent regions of Southeast Asia. It ranges from southern Pakistan eastward throughout India to Myanmar and Thailand and south to Sri Lanka. In ancient Tamil literature and is closely associated with the Mullai region of Sangam landscape. It is the national tree of Thailand, and its flower is Thailand's national flower. It is also the state flower of Kerala in India and of immense importance amongst the Malayali population.
 
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==Uses==
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===Food===
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{{Uses|Fever}}, {{Uses|Skin Diseases}}, {{Uses|Rheumatic Diseases}}, {{Uses|Cervical Lyrnphadenitis}}, {{Uses|Cardiac Diseases}}, {{Uses|Worm Infestations}}, {{Uses|Abdominal Pain}}<ref name="Uses">
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Cassia fistula can be used in food. Tender leaves and fl ower buds are cooked as vegetable<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>.
  
 
==Parts Used==
 
==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Fruit pulp}}, {{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|root}}
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{{Parts Used|Fruit pulp}}, {{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|Root}}, {{Parts Used|Leaf}}, {{Parts Used|Flower}}.
  
 
==Chemical Composition==
 
==Chemical Composition==
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Atisine, Aconitine, Atisenol, Atidine, Hetisine, Hetisinone, Banzolheteratisine, Histidine, F-dihydroatisine, Heteratisine and Several diterpene alkaloids such aheterophyllin, heterophyllisin, heterophyllidine, and hetidine.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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Pulp of the pod contains anthraquinone glycosides, sennosides A and B, rhein and its glucoside, barbaloin.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
 
==Common names==
 
==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=Phulas|ml=|sa=Aragvada|ta=Kondrem|te=Rela|hi=Amaltas|en=Purging classia}}
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{{Common names|sa=Krathamaala, Vyaadighata, Shampaaka|en=Indian Laburnum, Purging cassia|gu=Garamala, Garamalo|hi=Amaltas|kn= ಕಕ್ಕೆಮರ Kakkemara, ಕೊಂದೆ Konde|ks=Kriyangal Phali|ml=Konna, Kritamalam|mr=Bahava, Garamala, Amaltas|pa=Amaltas|ta=Sarakonrai, Sarak konnai, Sarak kondi, Sharakkonrai|te=Rela}}.<ref name="Common names"/>
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
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===Rasa===
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Tikta (Bitter), Madhura (Sweet)
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===Guna===
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Guru
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===Veerya===
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Ushna (Hot)
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===Vipaka===
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Madhura (Sweet)
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===Karma===
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Recana
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===Prabhava===
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===Nutritional components===
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Cassia fistula contains the Following nutritional components like Vitamin-E and C; Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>.
  
 
==Habit==
 
==Habit==
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==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
===Leaf===
 
===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|glabrous|sessile|The leaves are variable in shape and size}}.<ref name="Leaf"/>
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{{Leaf|Alternate|Pinnate|20 to 40 cm long pinnate, leaflets in 4 to 6 pairs, colour greenish, ovate with numerous nerves}} <ref name="Leaf"/>
  
 
===Flower===
 
===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|white–violet|10-18|Flowers are Large, hooded and occur in slender racemes or lax leafy panicles. Corolla is hairy. Carpels are five in number}}
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{{Flower|Unisexual|5 petals|Bright yellowish|10 stemens|Lax pendulous racemes flowering season February to April }}
  
 
===Fruit===
 
===Fruit===
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{{Fruit||7–10 mm (0.28–0.4 in.) long pome||s|}}
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{{Fruit|Cylindrical pod|30 to 45cm long|Brownish black in colour|Flat, testa very hard, smooth, numerous, present between the pulp|}}
  
 
===Other features===
 
===Other features===
  
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract''
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* [[Manasamitra vatakam]]
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* [[Maha Manjistadi kashayam]]
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* [[Kushta rakshasa taila]]
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* [[Maharasnadi kashayam]]
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* [[Aragwadhadi kashayam]]
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/>
  
 
==Where to get the saplings==
 
==Where to get the saplings==
 
==Mode of Propagation==
 
==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Tuber segment}}.
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{{Propagation|Cuttings}}, {{Propagation|Layering}}, {{Propagation|Vegetative}}
  
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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==Cultivation Details==
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The more common species of Aconitum are generally those cultivated in gardens, especially hybrids. They typically thrive in well-drained evenly moist garden soils like the related hellebores and delphiniums, and can grow in the shade of trees.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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Seed. The seeds have a hard seed coat and germination is improved by mechanical scarification or treatment with concentrated sulphuric acid for at least 45 minutes<ref name="Cultivation details"/>. Cassia fistula is available through March- October<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>
  
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|western Himalayas}}, {{Commonly seen|open woodland}}, {{Commonly seen|moisty soil area}}.
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{{Commonly seen|Tropical area}}, {{Commonly seen|Dry deciduous forests}}.
  
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
 
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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File:Aconitum napellus01.jpg|
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Image:Amaltas (Cassia fistula) leaves in Hyderabad, AP W 289.jpg
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File:Aconitum-reclinatum01.jpg|Trailing white monkshood (''A. reclinatum)''
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File:Cassia fistula-flower-detail.jpg
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File:Aconitum-uncinatum01.jpg|Southern blue monkshood (''A. uncinatum'')
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File:Kanikkonnappoo.JPG
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File:Alaskan Monkshood Leaf.jpg|Wild Alaskan monkshood (''A. delphinifolium'') is a flowering species that belongs to the family Ranunculaceae.  
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File:Ambaltas (Punjabi- ਅੰਬਲਤਾਸ) (3489492624).jpg|Flowers
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File:Cassia fistula flower and bud.jpg|Flower
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File:Balo (Konkani- बाळो) (1426311753).jpg|Pod
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File:Amaltas.JPG|Seeds
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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==References==
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<references>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[http://gbpihedenvis.nic.in/PDFs/Glossary_Medicinal_Plants_Springer.pdf Phytochemistry]</ref>
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<ref name="Cultivation details">[https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cassia+fistula Cultivation details]</ref>
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2012/12/26/aragvadha-cassia-fistula-uses-qualities-ayurveda-details/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref>
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<ref name="Common names">[https://sites.google.com/site/indiannamesofplants/via-species/c/cassia-fistula Common name]</ref>
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<ref name="Plant family">Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:57</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">Kappatagudda - A Repertoire of  Medicianal Plants of Gadag by Yashpal Kshirasagar and Sonal Vrishni, Page No. 110</ref>
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<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat">"Forest food for Northern region of Western Ghats" by Dr. Mandar N. Datar and Dr. Anuradha S. Upadhye, Page No. Published by Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science (MACS) Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road, Pune</ref>
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</references>
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==External Links==
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* [https://easyayurveda.com/2012/12/26/aragvadha-cassia-fistula-uses-qualities-ayurveda-details/ Cassia fistula-uses,qualities and side effects]
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* [http://ijam.co.in/index.php/ijam/article/view/48/39 Cassia fistula on international journal of ayurveda medicine]
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* [http://www.planetayurveda.com/library/amaltas-cassia-fistula Cassia fistula on planet ayurveda]
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* [http://envis.frlht.org/plantdetails/b04cff8ef127a160c81ed40fbae69276/dbe4e18cf3bb9c8e80cc41366d7f3b09 Cassia fistula on envis centre on medicinal plants]
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[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Fabaceae]]

Latest revision as of 11:22, 27 October 2021

Cassia fistula

Cassia fistula known as the golden rain tree. It is a flowering plant. The species is native to the Indian subcontinent and adjacent regions of Southeast Asia. It ranges from southern Pakistan eastward throughout India to Myanmar and Thailand and south to Sri Lanka. This tree is belongs to Caesalpiniaceae.[1]

Uses

Fever, Skin diseases, Rheumatic diseases, Cervical lyrnphadenitis, Cardiac diseases, Worm Infestations, Abdominal pain.

Food

Cassia fistula can be used in food. Tender leaves and fl ower buds are cooked as vegetable[2].

Parts Used

Fruit pulp, Bark, Root, Leaf, Flower.

Chemical Composition

Pulp of the pod contains anthraquinone glycosides, sennosides A and B, rhein and its glucoside, barbaloin.[3]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada ಕಕ್ಕೆಮರ Kakkemara, ಕೊಂದೆ Konde
Hindi Amaltas
Malayalam Konna, Kritamalam
Tamil Sarakonrai, Sarak konnai, Sarak kondi, Sharakkonrai
Telugu Rela
Marathi Bahava, Garamala, Amaltas
Gujarathi Garamala, Garamalo
Punjabi Amaltas
Kashmiri Kriyangal Phali
Sanskrit Krathamaala, Vyaadighata, Shampaaka
English Indian Laburnum, Purging cassia

.[4]

Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Madhura (Sweet)

Guna

Guru

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Madhura (Sweet)

Karma

Recana

Prabhava

Nutritional components

Cassia fistula contains the Following nutritional components like Vitamin-E and C; Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium[2].

Habit

Herb

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Alternate Pinnate 20 to 40 cm long pinnate, leaflets in 4 to 6 pairs, colour greenish, ovate with numerous nerves

[5]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 5 petals Bright yellowish 10 stemens Lax pendulous racemes flowering season February to April

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Cylindrical pod 30 to 45cm long Brownish black in colour Flat, testa very hard, smooth, numerous, present between the pulp {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

[6]

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Cuttings, Layering, Vegetative

Cultivation Details

Seed. The seeds have a hard seed coat and germination is improved by mechanical scarification or treatment with concentrated sulphuric acid for at least 45 minutes[7]. Cassia fistula is available through March- October[2]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Tropical area, Dry deciduous forests.

Photo Gallery

  • Amaltas (Cassia fistula) leaves in Hyderabad, AP W 289.jpg
  • Cassia fistula-flower-detail.jpg
  • Kanikkonnappoo.JPG

  • Flowers

  • Flower

  • Pod

  • Seeds

References

  1. ↑ Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:57
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Forest food for Northern region of Western Ghats" by Dr. Mandar N. Datar and Dr. Anuradha S. Upadhye, Page No. Published by Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science (MACS) Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road, Pune
  3. ↑ Phytochemistry
  4. ↑ Common name
  5. ↑ Kappatagudda - A Repertoire of Medicianal Plants of Gadag by Yashpal Kshirasagar and Sonal Vrishni, Page No. 110
  6. ↑ Ayurvedic preparations
  7. ↑ Cultivation details

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Cassia_fistula_-_Aragvadha&oldid=56012"