Difference between revisions of "Anacyclus pyrethrum - Akarkara, Pellitory"

Latest revision as of 17:21, 20 March 2020

Akarkara, Anacyclus pyrethrum

Anacyclus pyrethrum is a perennial herb. It is in a different family (Asteraceae) from the plants known as pellitory-of-the-wall (Parietaria officinalis) and spreading pellitory. The ancient Indian medicine system and Siddha have uses for this plant root and it has been used for centuries as a medicine.An oil is prepared by a method known as pit extraction.

Uses

Tentex forte, Muscle & Joint Rub, Impotency, Erectile dysfunction, Diarrhoea, Pharyngitis, Sore Throat, Toothache, Pyorrhea, Common Cold, Childhood apraxia of speech, Delayed Speech Development.

Parts Used

Dried Roots, Leaves, Flowers.

Chemical Composition

Analysis has shown a brown, resinous, acrid substance, insoluble in potassium hydroxide and probably containing pelletonin, two oils soluble in potassium hydroxide - one dark brown and acrid, the other yellow - tannin, gum, potassium sulphate and carbonate, potassium chloride, calcium phosphate and carbonate, silica, alumina, lignin, etc. An alkaloid, Pyrethrine, yielding pyrethric acid, is stated to be the active principle.^[1]

Common names

Language	Common name
Kannada
Hindi	Akarkara
Malayalam	Akkarakaaram
Tamil	AkkirKaram ^[2]
Telugu
Marathi	NA
Gujarathi	NA
Punjabi	NA
Kashmiri	NA
Sanskrit	Akarkarabh
English	Pellitory

Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Katu (Pungent)

Guna

Ruksha (Dry), Teekshna (Hot)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Kapa, vata

Prabhava

Habit

Procumbent herb

Identification

Leaf

Kind	Shape	Feature
Smooth	Alternate, Pinnate	The leaves are with deeply-cut segments

^[3]

Flower

Type	Size	Color and composition	Stamen	More information
Unisexual	14-18cm long	Yellow, Circular		Each bears one large flower the disk being yellow and the rays white, tinged with purple beneath.

Fruit

Type	Size	Mass	Appearance	Seeds	More information
		Syncarp (sorosis), subglobose or ellipsoid with long echinate processes, orange when ripe	seeds many, ovoid.		{{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Akkalkarbhadi Churnam (अक्कलकरभादि चूर्ण)^[2]

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

Seed - requires about 3 weeks cold stratification. Germination is best at a temperature around 13 - 16°c^[4]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Mediterranian, Himalayas, Arabian countries.

Photo Gallery

Habit
Flower
Buds
Leaf
Seed

References

External Links

[chemical_composition-1] "dabur medicinal plants"

[.E0.A4.85.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.BE_.E0.A4.94.E0.A4.B7.E0.A4.A7.E0.A4.BF-2] 2.0 ^2.1 "स्वदेशी उपचार"

[Leaf-3] "Bimbima"

[How_to_plant.2Fcultivate-4] "Cultivation details"

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[File:Anacyclus pyrethrum depressus closed.jpg|thumb|right|''Akarkara'', ''Anacyclus pyrethrum'']]
+'''Anacyclus pyrethrum''' is a perennial herb. It is in a different family (Asteraceae) from the plants known as pellitory-of-the-wall (Parietaria officinalis) and spreading pellitory. The ancient Indian medicine system and Siddha have uses for this plant root and it has been used for centuries as a medicine.An oil is prepared by a method known as pit extraction.
-'''Anacyclus pyrethrum''' (pellitory, Spanish chamomile, or Mount Atlas daisy) is a perennial herb much like chamomile in habitat and appearance. It is in a different family (Asteraceae) from the plants known as pellitory-of-the-wall (Parietaria officinalis) and spreading pellitory.
-[[Ayurvedic medicine]] (the ancient Indian medicine system) and Siddha (the medicine system from Tamil Nadu, a southern state of India) have uses for this plant root and it has been used for centuries as a medicine[citation needed]. It is called Akkal-Kara in Hindi, Akkal Kadha in Marathi, and Akkarakaaram. An oil is prepared by a method known as pit extraction.
 ==Uses==
-{{Uses|Pimples}}, {{Uses|Cracks in Skin}}, {{Uses|Sores}}, {{Uses|Diarrhoea}}, {{Uses|Skin diseases}}, {{Uses|Intrinsic haemorrhage}}, {{Uses|Poisons}}.
+{{Uses|Tentex forte}}, {{Uses|Muscle & Joint Rub}}, {{Uses|Impotency}}, {{Uses|Erectile dysfunction}}, {{Uses|Diarrhoea}}, {{Uses|Pharyngitis}}, {{Uses|Sore Throat}}, {{Uses|Toothache}}, {{Uses|Pyorrhea}}, {{Uses|Common Cold}}, {{Uses|Childhood apraxia of speech}}, {{Uses|Delayed Speech Development}}.
 ==Parts Used==
-{{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|Dried Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Fruits}}.
+{{Parts Used|Dried Roots}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Flowers}}.
 ==Chemical Composition==
-The Artocarpus species are rich in phenolic compounds including flavonoids, stilbenoids, arylbenzofurons and Jacalin, a lectin.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
+Analysis has shown a brown, resinous, acrid substance, insoluble in potassium hydroxide and probably containing pelletonin, two oils soluble in potassium hydroxide - one dark brown and acrid, the other yellow - tannin, gum, potassium sulphate and carbonate, potassium chloride, calcium phosphate and carbonate, silica, alumina, lignin, etc. An alkaloid, Pyrethrine, yielding pyrethric acid, is stated to be the active principle.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
 ==Common names==
-{{Common names|kn=Hebbalasu, Kadu halasu|ml=Ayani, Anjili, Ayini plavu|sa=Lakucha, Lakucah, Panasah|ta=Kattuppala, Aiyini pala, Kurangu pala, Pei pala|te=Adavi panasa|hi=Kathal|en=Wild Jack}}
+{{Common names|kn=|ml=Akkarakaaram|sa=Akarkarabh|ta=AkkirKaram <ref name="अकरकरा औषधि"/>|te=|hi=Akarkara|en=Pellitory| ma=Akkal Kala}}
+==Properties==
+Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
+===Dravya===
+===Rasa===
+Katu (Pungent)
+===Guna===
+Ruksha (Dry), Teekshna (Hot)
+===Veerya===
+Ushna (Hot)
+===Vipaka===
+Katu (Pungent)
+===Karma===
+Kapa, vata
+===Prabhava===
 ==Habit==
-{{Habit|Tree}}
+{{Habit|Procumbent herb}}
 ==Identification==
 ===Leaf===
-{{Leaf|Simple|lanceolate|alternate, spiral, clustered at twigs end, tawny hirsute, caducous, leaving annular scar}}.<ref name="Leaf"/>
+{{Leaf|Smooth|Alternate, Pinnate|The leaves are with deeply-cut segments}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
 ===Flower===
-{{Flower|Unisexual|14cm long|Pendulous, Ovoid||male flowers in axillary spikes, pendulous; female flowers in axillary spikes, ovoid}}
+{{Flower|Unisexual|14-18cm long|Yellow, Circular||Each bears one large flower the disk being yellow and the rays white, tinged with purple beneath.}}
 ===Fruit===
@@ Line 33: / Line 45: @@
 ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
-* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract''
+Akkalkarbhadi Churnam (अक्कलकरभादि चूर्ण)<ref name="अकरकरा औषधि"/>
 ==Where to get the saplings==
 ==Mode of Propagation==
-{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}, {{Propagation|Airlayers}}.
+{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
 ==How to plant/cultivate==
-In terms of taking care of the plant, minimal pruning is required Cutting off dead branches from the interior of the tree is only sometimes needed. In addition, twigs bearing fruit must be twisted or cut down to the trunk to induce growth for the next season. Branches should be pruned every three to four years to maintain its productivity.
+Seed - requires about 3 weeks cold stratification. Germination is best at a temperature around 13 - 16°c<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
-Stingless bees such as Tetragonula iridipennis are jackfruit pollinators, and as such, play an important role in jackfruit cultivation.
 ==Commonly seen growing in areas==
-{{Commonly seen|Western Ghats}}, {{Commonly seen|Malabar Coast}}.
+{{Commonly seen|Mediterranian}}, {{Commonly seen|Himalayas}}, {{Commonly seen|Arabian countries}}.
 ==Photo Gallery==
 <gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
-File:Artocarpus hirsutus immature fruits from Tuvvur, Kerala, India.JPG|Artocarpus hirsutus unripe fruit
+File:Anacyclus pyrethrum depressus habitus1.jpg|Habit
-File:Artocarpus hirsutus fruit.jpg|The ripe fruit of Jungle Jack
+File:Anacyclus pyrethrum depressus open.jpg|same plant, flower detail|Flower
-File:ആഞ്ഞിലി.jpg|unripe fruits in a tree
+File:Anacyclus pyrethrum depressus closed.jpg|Var. ''depressus'', flowers closed|Buds
-File:ആഞ്ഞിലിപ്പഴം.jpg|The ripe fruit of Anhili with the outer skin removed.
+File:Anacyclus pyrethrum kz02.jpg|Leaf
-File:രണ്ട് ഐനിച്ചക്കകൾ.jpg|ripe fruits
+File:Anacyclus officinanarum HAYNE; seeds.JPG|Seed
-File:ഐനിച്ചക്ക.jpg|a ripe fruit
-File:ആഞ്ഞിലി ചക്ക അഥവാ ഐനി ചക്ക.jpg|semi-ripe Anhili fruit.
-File:Artocarpus hirsutus fungal infection.JPG|Artocarpus hirsutus fungal infection
-File:Artocarpus hirsutus fungal infection close up.JPG|Artocarpus hirsutus fungal infection close-up
 </gallery>
@@ Line 62: / Line 69: @@
 <references>
-<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874110002060 "ethnopharmacology"]</ref>
+<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.dabur.com/in/en-us/about/science-of-ayurveda/herbal-medicinal-plants/akarkara-plant "dabur medicinal plants"]</ref>
-<ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/8066 "morphology"]</ref>
+<ref name="अकरकरा औषधि">[https://swadeshiupchar.in/2018/05/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5.html "स्वदेशी उपचार"]</ref>
+<ref name="Leaf">[https://www.bimbima.com/ayurveda/medicinal-use-of-akarkara-spilanthes-acmella/1383/ "Bimbima"]</ref>
+<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Anacyclus+pyrethrum "Cultivation details"]</ref>
 </references>
 ==External Links==
-* [http://frlhtenvis.nic.in/KidsCentre/Artocarpus_hirsutus_1636.aspx Artocarpus hirsutus on ENVIS Centre on Conservation of Medicinal Plants]
+* [http://www.planetayurveda.com/library/akarkara-anacyclus-pyrethrum Anacyclus pyrethrum planetayurveda.com]
-* [https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/8066 Artocarpus hirsutus on India Biodiversity Portal]
+* [http://practicalplants.org/wiki/Anacyclus_pyrethrum planetayurveda.com Anacyclus pyrethrum practicalplants.org]
-* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874110002060 Artocarpus: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology]
+* [http://findmeacure.com/2015/07/24/anacyclus-pyrethrum/ Anacyclus pyrethrum findmeacure.com]
-* [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d5c0/67efca6a605cfebce2ad4b6a8a702887ccca.pdf Artocarpus: A review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology]
+* [https://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/p/pellit19.html Anacyclus pyrethrum botanical.com]
-* [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.381.143&rep=rep1&type=pdf Pharmacognostical studies on the bark of Artocarpus hirsutus Lam]
+* [https://www.pfaf.org/USER/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Anacyclus+pyrethrum Anacyclus pyrethrum pfaf.org]
 [[Category:Herbs]]
+[[Category:Asteraceae]]