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Rubia cordifolia - Manjishtha

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→‎List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used
[[File:Rubia cordifolia.jpg|thumb|right|''Manjishtha'', ''Rubia cordifolia'']]
'''Manjishtha''' is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family. It has been cultivated for a red pigment derived from roots.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Uterine bleeding}}, {{Uses|Internal and external haemorrhage}}, {{Uses|Bronchitis}}, {{Uses|Rheumatism}}, {{Uses|Stones in the kidney}}, {{Uses|Blotches}}, {{Uses|Bladder and gall}}, {{Uses|Dysentery}}, {{Uses|Febrifuge}}
'''Manjishtha''' or '''Rubia cordifolia'''==Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Leaves}}, often known as common madder or Indian madder, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family, Rubiaceae. It has been cultivated for a red pigment derived from roots{{Parts Used|Fruits}}.
== Description Chemical Composition== It can grow to 1.5 m in height. The evergreen leaves are 5–10 cm long and 2–3 cm broad, produced in whorls of 4Hydroxy-3-7 starlike around the central stem. It climbs with tiny hooks at the leaves and stems. The flowers are small (3–5 mm across)ethyl, with five pale yellow petalsanthraquinone, in dense racemesdihydroxy, and appear from June to Augustpentyl-naphthaquinonyl, followed by small (4–6 mm diameter) red to black berries. The roots can be over 1 m long, up to 12 mm thick. It prefers loamy soils with a constant level of moisture. Madders are used as food plants for the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Hummingbird hawk mothphenanthrene.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
== Uses Common names=={{Common names|kn=ಮಂಜಿಷ್ಠ Manjishta, ಸಿರಗತ್ತಿ Siragatthi|ml=Chovvallikkoti, Man-chetti|sa=Aruna, Asra|ta=Manjitti, Sevvelli|te=Chiranji, Manjishta|mr=Manjishta|pa=Kattha|ks=Dandu, Mazait|hi=Majith|en=Indian Madder, Common Madder}}<ref name="Common names"/>
Rubia cordifolia was an economically important source of a red pigment in many regions of Asia==Properties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Europe and Africa. It was extensively cultivated from antiquity until the mid nineteenth century. The plant's roots contain an organic compound called AlizarinRasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, that gives its red colour to a textile dye known as Rose madder. It was also used as a colourantVipaka - Post-digesion effect, especially for paintKarma - Pharmacological activity, that is referred to as Madder lakePrabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya===
It is known as btsod in Traditional Tibetan Medicine where it is used to treat blood disorders; spread heat ===Rasa===Tikta (Bitter), excess heat in the lungsKashaya (Astringent)===Guna===Laghu (Light), kidneysRuksha (Dry), and intestines; reduce swelling; and is a component of the three reds Tikshna (Sharp)===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Kapha, a subcompound included in many Tibetan preparations in order to remove excess heat in the blood.Vata===Prabhava===
==Habit==
{{Habit|Perennial plant}}
==Common Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|Ovate|The evergreen leaves are 5-10 cm long and 2-3 cm broad, produced in whorls of 4-7 starlike around the central stem}}<ref name=="Leaf"/>
* '''English''' - Rubia cordifolia===Flower===* '''Kannada''' {{Flower|Unisexual|3- ಮಂಜಿಷ್ಟ* '''Hindi''' 5 mm|Yellow|5- मजीठ 20|The flowers are small, with five greenish yellow or pale yellow petals, in dense racemes. Flowering from September to November}}
== External Links =Fruit==={{Fruit|Black berry|4-6 mm|Clearly grooved lengthwise, Lowest hooked hairs aligned towards crown|With hooked hairs|Many|Fruiting from September to November}}<ref name="Identification"/>
===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==[[Maha Manjishtadi kashaya]], [[Kumkumadi tail]], [[Maharaja prasarini tailam]], [[Panchatikta guggulu ghrita]], [[Arimedaadi taila]], [[Ashwgandharishta]], [[Ushiraasava]], [[Kalyana grita]], [[Kantakaari avaleha]], [[Kunkumaadi taila]], [[Chopa chiniyadi churna]], [[Chandanaadi taila]], [[Chandanaasava]]<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/> ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Two node root cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==The plant is propagated through seeds and two-node root cuttings. The seeds are collected during December and January. The seeds obtained from dried ripe black fruits are sown in nursery beds either in rows or randomly by broadcasting. A thin layer of soil and organic manure is spread over the seeds, and the beds are regularly watered.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Forest edges}}, {{Commonly seen|Evergreen forest}}, {{Commonly seen|Rocky areas}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px"> Mancitti (Tamil- மஞ்சிட்டி) (4846178555).jpg|LeavesManjishta (Marathi- मंजिष्ठ) (6331765104).jpg|FlowerManjishta (Telugu- మంజిష్ఠ) (6331763392).jpg|Flower</gallery> ==References==<references> <ref name="chemical composition">[http://ijpsr.com/bft-article/rubia-cordifolia-a-review-on-pharmaconosy-and-phytochemistry/?view=fulltext Phytochemical Studies]</ref><ref name="Leaf">[https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Indian%20Madder.html Plant decsripiton]</ref> <ref name="Common names">[https://sites.google.com/site/indiannamesofplants/via-species/r/rubia-cordifolia Common names]</ref> <ref name=“Karnataka Medicinal Plants”>”Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume-3” by Dr.M. R. Gurudeva, Page No. 499Í, Published by Divyachandra Prakashana, #6/7, Kaalika Soudha, Balepete cross, Bengaluru</ref>  <ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/package-of-practices/medicinal-and-aromatic-plants/rubia-cordifoli Cultivation Details]</ref><ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2013/03/20/manjishta-rubia-cordifolia-benefits-usage-dose-side-effects/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref> </references> ==External Links==* [http://www.planetayurveda.com/library/manjistha-rubia-cordifolia Rubia cordifolia on planet ayurveda]*[https://enwww.mdidea.com/products/proper/proper09702.wikipediahtml Rubia cordifolia on Rubia cordifolia Plant Descriptions and Source.]* [https://indiabiodiversity.org/wikispecies/show/Rubia_cordifolia 231021 Rubia cordifolia-Wikipediaon india biodiversity portal]* [https://www.prota4u.org/database/protav8.asp?g=pe&p=Rubia+cordifolia+L. Rubia cordifolia on port4.org]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
[[Category:Rubiaceae]]
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