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Difference between revisions of "Abrus precatorius - Gunja"

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[[File:Abrus precatorius (1463017430).jpg|thumb|right|''Abrus precatorius'', '' Gunjaa'']]
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[[File:Abrus_precatorius_%E2%80%94_Scott_Zona_001.jpg|thumb|right]]
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'''Abrus precatorius''' is a severely invasive plant in warm temperate to tropical regions, so much so that it has become effectively pantropical in distribution. It had been widely introduced by humans, and the brightly coloured and hard-shelled seeds had been spread by birds.  
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'''Abrus precatorius''' is a severely invasive plant in warm temperate to tropical regions. The plant is best known for its seeds, which are used as beads and in percussion instruments and which are toxic because of the presence of abrin. This plant belongs to Fabaceae family.  
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==Uses==
 
==Uses==
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{{Uses|Blisters in mouths}}, {{Uses|Mouth sores}}, {{Uses|Bleeding piles}}, {{Uses|Leucorrhoea}}, {{Uses|Mild diabetes}}, {{Uses|Cough}}, {{Uses|Physical weakness}}, {{Uses|Ulcer}}, {{Uses|Urinary trouble}}, {{Uses|Snakebite}}, {{Uses|Infection in intestine}}.
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{{Uses|Blisters in mouths}}, {{Uses|Mouth sores}}, {{Uses|Bleeding piles}}, {{Uses|Leucorrhoea}}, {{Uses|Mild diabetes}}, {{Uses|Cough}}, {{Uses|Physical weakness}}, {{Uses|Ulcer}}, {{Uses|Urinary trouble}}, {{Uses|Snakebite}}, {{Uses|Infection in intestine}}.<ref name="Uses"/>
 +
===Food===
 +
Gunja can be used in food. Leaves are sweet and are chewed with paan or also eaten raw<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>
  
 
==Parts Used==
 
==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Seeds}}, {{Parts Used|Stem}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Root}}.
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{{Parts Used|Seeds}}, {{Parts Used|Stem}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}, {{Parts Used|Roots}}<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>
  
 
==Chemical Composition==
 
==Chemical Composition==
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Mature seeds contain alkali like abrine, precatorine, etc., abraline; toxalbumin like abrin I, II, III, etc., abrus agglutinin I, II (A. P. A Ⅰ, Ⅱ), sterols like abricin, squnalene, alcohol likeβ-amyrin, cycloartenol, 5β-cholanic acid, abrussic acid, sophoradiol, trimethyltryptophan abrusin galactose, arabinose, xylose, polysaccharide and flavonoids compounds, Seed covers contain gallic acid, abranin), delphinidin.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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Mature seeds contain alkali like abrine, precatorine, etc.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
 
==Common names==
 
==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=Gulaganji|ml=Kunni, Kunnikkuru|sa=Gunja|ta=Gundumani, Kundumani|te=Gurivinda or Guriginja|hi=Gaungchi, Gunchi|en=Equirity}}
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{{Common names|kn=Gulaganji, ಗುಲಗಂಜಿ|ml=Kunni, Kunnikkuru|sa=Gunja|ta=Gundumani, Kundumani|te=Gurivinda|hi=Gaungchi, Gunchi|en=Equirity}}
  
 
==Properties==
 
==Properties==
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Kapha, Vata
 
Kapha, Vata
 
===Prabhava===
 
===Prabhava===
 +
 +
===Nutritional components===
 +
Gunja contains the Following nutritional components like Vitamin A Vitamin A, B, C; Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Zinc etc.<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>
  
 
==Habit==
 
==Habit==
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{{Habit|A small wiry straggler}}
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{{Habit|Deciduous climber}}
  
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
===Leaf===
 
===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Paripinnate|Obovate|Leaves are alternately arranged, leaflets 12-16 pairs, 0.8-2.5 x 0.4-1 cm, oblong to elliptic, base and apex obtuse}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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{{Leaf|Paripinnate|Oblong|Leaf Arrangementis Alternate-spiral}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
 
  
 
===Flower===
 
===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|pink||Flowering throughout the year and In terminal and/or axillary pseudoracemes}}
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{{Flower|Bisexual|2-4cm long|Pink/white|9|Flowering through out the year}}<ref name="Identification"/>
  
 
===Fruit===
 
===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|oblong pod|Thinly septate, pilose, wrinkled|||seeds upto 5|Fruiting throughout the year}}
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{{Fruit|Oblong pod|Thinly septate|Pilose, wrinkled|Subglobose|Seeds upto 5|Fruiting through out the year}}<ref name="Identification"/>
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===Other features===
 
  
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as ''root juice extract''
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* [[Neelibhrungadi tailam]] as ''root juice extract''
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* [[Sarivadi Vati]] as ''root juice extract''
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/>
  
 
==Where to get the saplings==
 
==Where to get the saplings==
  
 
==Mode of Propagation==
 
==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}
 +
 
 +
==Cultivation Details==
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Seeds naturally have a low germination rate. The hard and impenetrable seed coat is one of the reasons. Gunja's availability period is from August to March<ref name="Cultivation details"/><ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat"/>
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 +
==Season to grow==
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 +
 
 +
==Required Ecosystem/Climate==
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Kind of soil needed==
  
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==How to plant/cultivate==
 
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The more common species of Aconitum are generally those cultivated in gardens, especially hybrids. They typically thrive in well-drained evenly moist garden soils like the related hellebores and delphiniums, and can grow in the shade of trees
 
  
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Tropical area}}, {{Commonly seen|Caribbean Islands}}, {{Commonly seen|Subtropical area}}, {{Commonly seen|Pinelands}}, {{Commonly seen|Hammocks}}.
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{{Commonly seen|Tropical area}}, {{Commonly seen|Subtropical area}}.
  
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
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==References==
 
==References==
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<references>  
 
<references>  
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130728111350/http://libproject.hkbu.edu.hk/was40/detail?lang=en&channelid=1288&searchword=herb_id%3DD01344 "chemistry"]</ref>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130728111350/http://libproject.hkbu.edu.hk/was40/detail?lang=en&channelid=1288&searchword=herb_id%3DD01344 Chemistry]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/32002 "morphology"]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/32002 Morphology]</ref>
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2015/09/12/rosary-pea-abrus-precatorius/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref>
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<ref name="Cultivation details">[https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_to_cultivate_Abrus_precatorius Cultivation details]</ref>
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<ref name="Uses">Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:121</ref>
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<ref name="Identification">Kappathagudda - A Repertoire of Medicinal Plants of Gadag book, Page no: 30</ref>
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<ref name="Forest foods of Western Ghat">"Forest food for Northern region of Western Ghats" by Dr. Mandar N. Datar and Dr. Anuradha S. Upadhye, Page No.15, Published by Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science (MACS) Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road, Pune</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
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[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Climber]]
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[[Category:Fabaceae]]

Latest revision as of 15:18, 21 October 2021

Abrus precatorius — Scott Zona 001.jpg

Abrus precatorius is a severely invasive plant in warm temperate to tropical regions. The plant is best known for its seeds, which are used as beads and in percussion instruments and which are toxic because of the presence of abrin. This plant belongs to Fabaceae family.

Uses

Blisters in mouths, Mouth sores, Bleeding piles, Leucorrhoea, Mild diabetes, Cough, Physical weakness, Ulcer, Urinary trouble, Snakebite, Infection in intestine.[1]

Food

Gunja can be used in food. Leaves are sweet and are chewed with paan or also eaten raw[2]

Parts Used

Seeds, Stem, Leaves, Roots[2]

Chemical Composition

Mature seeds contain alkali like abrine, precatorine, etc.[3]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Gulaganji, ಗುಲಗಂಜಿ
Hindi Gaungchi, Gunchi
Malayalam Kunni, Kunnikkuru
Tamil Gundumani, Kundumani
Telugu Gurivinda
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Gunja
English Equirity


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Kapha, Vata

Prabhava

Nutritional components

Gunja contains the Following nutritional components like Vitamin A Vitamin A, B, C; Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Zinc etc.[2]

Habit

Deciduous climber

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Paripinnate Obovate Leaves are alternately arranged, leaflets 12-16 pairs, 0.8-2.5 x 0.4-1 cm, oblong to elliptic, base and apex obtuse

[4]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Bisexual 2-4cm long Pink/white 9 Flowering through out the year

[5]

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Oblong pod Thinly septate Pilose, wrinkled Subglobose Seeds upto 5 Fruiting through out the year

[5]

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

[6]

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings

Cultivation Details

Seeds naturally have a low germination rate. The hard and impenetrable seed coat is one of the reasons. Gunja's availability period is from August to March[7][2]

Season to grow

Required Ecosystem/Climate

Kind of soil needed

Commonly seen growing in areas

Tropical area, Subtropical area.

Photo Gallery

  • White variety of seeds.

  • Abrus precatorius leaves and flowers

  • Abrus precatorius flowers

  • Abrus precatorius seeds

  • Fruits

References

  1. ↑ Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:121
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Forest food for Northern region of Western Ghats" by Dr. Mandar N. Datar and Dr. Anuradha S. Upadhye, Page No.15, Published by Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science (MACS) Agharkar Research Institute, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road, Pune
  3. ↑ Chemistry
  4. ↑ Morphology
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kappathagudda - A Repertoire of Medicinal Plants of Gadag book, Page no: 30
  6. ↑ Ayurvedic preparations
  7. ↑ Cultivation details

External Links

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