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[[File:400px-Black cohosh 1.jpg|thumb|right|''Actaea racemosa inflorescence'', ''Black cohosh'']]
'''Black Cohosh''' has been used by Native Americans for more than '''two hundred years''', after they discovered the root of the plant helped relieve '''menstrual cramps''' and '''symptoms of menopause'''.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Kidney problems}}, {{Uses|Malaria}}, {{Uses|Rheumatoid arthritis}}, {{Uses|Joint inflammation}}, {{Uses|Sore throat}}, {{Uses|Menstrual cramps}}, {{Uses|Menopause}}.
==Chemical Composition==
Black cohosh contains cimicifugin (macrotin) which has estrogenic effects. Also found in assay are acetein (antihypertensive effects) and ferulic/isoferulic acids (anti-inflammatory effects). The following components can also be found: isoflavones, salicyclic acid, tannins, resins, starch, and sugars<ref name="chemical composition"/>
==Common names==
{{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=|ta=|te=|hi=|en=Black snake root, Bugbane}}
==Properties==
Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
===Dravya===
===Rasa===
===Guna===
===Veerya===
===Vipaka===
===Karma===
===Prabhava===
==Habit==
{{Habit|Procumbent herb}}
==Identification==
===Leaf===
{{Leaf|large|Alternate, Pinnate|The leaves are with deeply-cut segments}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
===Flower===
{{Flower|Unisexual|14-18cm long|Yellow, Circular||Each bears one large flower the disk being yellow and the rays white, tinged with purple beneath.}}
===Fruit===
{{Fruit|||Syncarp (sorosis), subglobose or ellipsoid with long echinate processes, orange when ripe|seeds many, ovoid.|}}
===Other features===
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
==Where to get the saplings==
==Mode of Propagation==
{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
==How to plant/cultivate==
Aracemosa grows in dependably moist, fairly heavy soil. It bears tall tapering racemes of white midsummer flowers on wiry black-purple stems, whose mildly unpleasant, medicinal smell at close range gives it the common name "Bugbane"<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
{{Commonly seen|At dry locations}}, {{Commonly seen|At hedges}}, {{Commonly seen|Forest clearings}}.
.
==Photo Gallery==
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
File:Cimicifuga racemosa 001.jpg|Whole herb
File:Cimicifuga racemosa 002.jpg|Leaves
File:Actaea racemosa 002.JPG|Stem
File:Actaea racemosa 003.JPG|Flowers
File:Actaea racemosa 001.JPG|Whole herb
File:Actaea racemosa 004.JPG|Fruits
File:Actaea racemosa 006.JPG|Fruits
</gallery>
==References==
<references>
<ref name="chemical composition">[http://www.chiro.org/nutrition/ABSTRACTS/What_is_Black_Cohosh.shtml Chemical Composition]</ref>
<ref name="Leaf">[https://www.bimbima.com/ayurveda/medicinal-use-of-akarkara-spilanthes-acmella/1383/ Plant Description]</ref>
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actaea_racemosa Cultivation]</ref>
</references>
==External Links==
* [https://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/black-cohosh#2 Black Cohosh: Uses, Benefits, and Side Effects]
* [https://draxe.com/black-cohosh/ Relieve Menopause Symptoms & More with Black Cohosh]
* [https://altnature.com/gallery/blackcohosh.htm Black Cohosh Herb Uses and Medicinal Properties]
* [https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-857/black-cohosh Overview Information of racemosa inflorescence]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
[[Category:Ranunculaceae]]
