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Boerhavia diffusa - Punarnava

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[[File:Boerhaavia diffusa.jpg|thumb|right|''Punarnava'', ''Boerhavia diffusa'']]
'''Punarnava''' is a species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family which is commonly known as punarnava. It is taken in herbal medicine for pain relief and other uses. The leaves of punarnava are often used as a green vegetable in many parts of India. It's family is Nyctaginaceae.<ref name="Plant family"/>
==Uses==
{{Uses|Obesity}}, {{Uses|Dropsy}}, {{Uses|Blood pressure}}, {{Uses|Gastric disturbances}}, {{Uses|Asthma}}, {{Uses|Jaundice}}, {{Uses|Anascara}}, {{Uses|Anaemia}}, {{Uses|Internal inflammation}}, {{Uses|Indurated liver}}
Punarnava is a species of flowering plant in the four o'clock family which is commonly known as punarnava (meaning that which rejuvenates or renews the body in Ayurveda)==Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Roots}}, red spiderling{{Parts Used|Seeds}}, spreading hogweed, or tarvine. It is taken in herbal medicine for pain relief and other uses. The leaves of B. diffusa are often used as a green vegetable in many parts of India.{{Parts Used|Leaves}}
Boerhavia diffusa is widely dispersed==Chemical Composition==Major components are sitosterol, Esters of sitosterol, Punarnavine, occurring throughout IndiaBoerhaavia acid, the PacificBoeravinone, Palmitic acid and southern United States. This wide range is explained by its small fruit, which many other compounds are very sticky and grow a few inches off the ground, ideally placed to latch on to small migratory birds as they walk bypresent in this plant.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
Punarnava is widely used as a green leafy vegetable in many Asian and African countries. B. diffusa can be used as a fodder for livestock==Common names=={{Common names|kn=Gonajali, but has the potential for contaminating seed stocksKommegida|ml=Talutama, and may harbor pathogens for certain cropsTamilama|sa=Punarnavah, such as eggplants.Raktakanda|ta=Caranai, Caranai ver|te=Ambati madu, Atikamamidi|hi=Varshbhu|en=Red spiderling}}
The herb has other benefits like==Properties==Reference:Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya===
*Helps in maintaining the functioning of the kidney===Rasa===*Maintains health of the urinary tractTikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent), Madhura (Sweet)*It helps in improving the liver functioning and also the respiratory health===Guna===*It supports the body’s ability to expel the fluids from the bodyLaghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry)*It the best known natural management for relieving the problem of weight loss.===Veerya===Ushna (Hot)===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Pitta, Kapha===Prabhava===
==Habit==
{{Habit|Perennial plant}}
 
==Identification==
===Leaf===
{{Leaf|Simple|Ovate-cordiform|Leaf Arrangement is Opposite}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
 
===Flower===
{{Flower|Unisexual||Pink|5-20|In terminal or axillary panicles of umbellate or capitate clusters}}
 
===Fruit===
{{Fruit|Club-shaped anthocarp|7–10 mm (0.28–0.4 in.) long pome|Fruiting throughout the year|With hooked hairs|}}
 
===Other features===
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
*[[Punarnavaadi mandura]]
 
==Where to get the saplings==
==Mode of Propagation==
{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
Boerhavia diffusa is widespread through much of the tropics and the subtropics and has also become naturalized in parts of the temperate zone Prefers a sunny position and a well-drained soil.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
 
==Season to grow==
April-May
 
==Required Ecosystem/Climate==
It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought.<ref name="Required Ecosystem/Climate"/>
 
==Kind of soil needed==
Light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils and prefers well-drained soil.
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
{{Commonly seen|Open places near the sea}}, {{Commonly seen|Dry river valleys}}, {{Commonly seen|Along roadsides}}, {{Commonly seen|Warm river valleys}}.
 
==Photo Gallery==
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
 
File:Boerhavia diffusa flower.jpg|Leaves
 
File:Boerhavia diffusa in AP W IMG 8081.jpg|Flowers
File:Plume moth on Boerhavia diffusa W IMG 1002.jpg|Flowers
File:Boerhavia diffusa fruits.jpg|Fruits
File:തഴുതാമ.jpg|Hole plant
</gallery>
 
==References==
<references>
<ref name="chemical composition">[http://www.phytojournal.com/vol1Issue1/Issue_may_2012/5.pdf Chemical constituents]</ref>
<ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/32997 Morphology]</ref>
<ref name="Plant family">Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:07</ref>
<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Boerhavia+diffusa Cultivation Details]</ref>
<ref name="Required Ecosystem/Climate">[https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Boerhavia+diffusa Required Ecosystem/Climate]</ref>
</references>
 
==External Links==
* [https://examine.com/supplements/boerhaavia-diffusa/ Summary of Boerhaavia diffusa]
* [https://easyayurveda.com/2014/11/17/punarnava-boerhavia-diffusa-benefits-dose-side-effects/ Benefits, dose, side effects]
* [https://www.prota4u.org/database/protav8.asp?g=pe&p=Boerhavia+diffusa+L. Boerhavia diffusa on porta4U record display.org]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Nyctaginaceae]]
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