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Difference between revisions of "Berberis vulgaris - Daruharidra"

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[[File:Berberis vulgaris3.jpg|thumb|right|''Berberis vulgaris'', ''Barberry'']]
 
[[File:Berberis vulgaris3.jpg|thumb|right|''Berberis vulgaris'', ''Barberry'']]
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[[File:BerberisAculeata.jpg|thumb|right|''Berberis aristata'']]
 
  
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'''Berberis vulgaris''' also known as '''Common barberry, European barberry or simply barberry''' is a shrub in the genus Berberis. It is native to the Himalayas in India and in Nepal. It is also naturally found in the wet zone of Sri Lanka.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Cancer}}, {{Uses|Malarea}}, {{Uses|Gallbladder pain}}, {{Uses|Gallstones}}, {{Uses|Jaundice}}, {{Uses|Stomach ulcer}}, {{Uses|Mouth bacterial dysentery}}.
  
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'''Berberis vulgaris''' also known as '''common barberry, European barberry or simply barberry,''' is a shrub in the genus Berberis. It produces edible but sharply acidic berries, which people in many countries eat as a tart and refreshing fruit.
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==Parts Used==
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Berberis aristata <ref name="Berberis aristata"/>, also known as Indian Barberry or [[Haridra]] Tree (Turmeric), belongs to the family Berberidaceae and the genus Berberis (pronounced bẽr’ber-is). The genus comprises approximately 450-500 species of deciduous evergreen shrubs and is found in the temperate and sub-tropical regions of Asia, Europe, and America. B. aristata is native to the Himalayas in India and in Nepal. It is also naturally found in the wet zone of Sri Lanka.
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{{Parts Used|Stem}}, {{Parts Used|Roots}}, {{Parts Used|Fruits}}.
  
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==Chemical Composition==
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Extracts from the inner stem bark of Berberis vulgaris were analyzed for their antioxidant activity using the 1,1-dipheny-2-picrylhydrazyl method and compared with ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
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== Description ==
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=Bagisutrum, Doddamaradarsina, Gantarishina|ml=Kasturimanjal, Maradarisina|sa=Daruharidra, Darunisa, Darurajani|ta=Mullukkala, Ucikkala, Usikkala|te=Daruharidra, Kasthoori pushpa|hi=Khepacho, Rasaunt, Rasaut, Rasvat, Zarishk|en=Chitra}}
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It is a deciduous shrub growing up to 4 m high. The leaves are small oval, 2–5 cm long and 1–2 cm broad, with a serrated margin; they are borne in clusters of 2-5 together, subtended by a three-branched spine 3–8 mm long. The flowers are yellow, 4–6 mm across, produced on 3–6 cm long panicles in late spring. The fruit is an oblong red berry 7–10 mm long and 3–5 mm broad, ripening in late summer or autumn; they are edible but very sour, and rich in Vitamin C.
 
  
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== Uses ==
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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*The berries are edible and rich in vitamin C, though with a very sharp flavor; the thorny shrubs make harvesting them difficult, so in most places, they are not widely consumed. They are an important food for many small birds, which disperse the seeds in their droppings.
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===Dravya===
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*In Europe, the berries have been traditionally used as an ingredient in making jam.
 
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*In Iran, barberries are commonly used as a currant in rice pilaf.
 
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*Zereshk is widely used in cooking, imparting a tart flavor to chicken dishes. It is usually cooked with rice, called zereshk polo, and provides a nice meal with chicken.
 
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*The plant is both poisonous and used in folk medicine.<ref name="uses"/>
 
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*A decoction of the plant has been used to treat gastrointestinal ailments and coughs.<ref name="uses2"/>
 
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*The use of the plant in traditional medicine has been limited by the bitter taste of the bark and root.
 
  
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== Medicinal use ==
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===Rasa===
  
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The root bark contains berberine, quaternary ammonium salt of isoquinoline alkaloid. Berberine has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antioxidant properties. It can possess anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-diabetic activities. A women’s university in India, Shri Padmavathi Mahila Viswavidyalayam Tirupati, conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of ayurvedic medicine. They designed a study to provide scientific evidence for the use of Berberis aristata in the treatment of urinary troubles caused as a side effect of the anti-cancer chemotherapy drug, cisplatin. Cisplatin is known to cause nephrotoxicity which is a renal disease or dysfunction. In conclusion, the researchers found that the side effects of cisplatin were reversed by the antioxidant properties of the decoction of root bark of Berberis aristata.
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===Guna===
  
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Other research universities in India also studied the medicinal properties of Berberis aristata. In a scientific study of the anti-diabetic activity of the plant, diabetic rats treated with the ethanol extract of the roots showed a significant reduction of serum glucose level. It also showed a significant increase in the level of HDL cholesterol. Additional research must be conducted to determine if the hypolipidemic properties of the plant could serve as a protective mechanism against the development of atherosclerosis, which is usually associated with diabetes.
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===Veerya===
  
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A preparation called rasaunt is prepared from this plant. Rasaunt is prepared by boiling the bark of the root and of the lower part of the stem in water. The solution is then strained and evaporated till a semi-solid mass is obtained; this is rasaunt. It is mixed with either butter and alum, or with opium and lime-juice. It is also reported to be a mild laxative.
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===Vipaka===
  
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==Common name==
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===Karma===
  
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* '''English''' - Barberry
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===Prabhava===
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* '''Kannada''' - ಬಾಗಿ ಸೂತ್ರ
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* '''Hindi''' - chitra
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==Habit==
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== References ==
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{{Habit|Herb}}
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<references>
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==Identification==
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<ref name="uses">[http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/herb/barberry "Barberry"]</ref>
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===Leaf===
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<ref name="uses2">Schauenberg, P; Paris, F (1977). Guide to Medicinal Plants. New Canaan, CT: Keats Publishing, Inc</ref>
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{{Leaf|Simple|Oval|Leavesare 0.75-2 in. (2-5 cm) long, 0.25-0.75 in. (1-2 cm) wide, serrate and occur in clusters of 2-5. Each cluster of leaves is subtended by a short, three-branched spine}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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<ref name="Berberis aristata">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberis_aristata "wikipedia"]</ref>
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</references>
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|Less than 0.25 in. (6 mm) wide|Yellow|5-20|Flowering occurs in May to June and The flowers have an unpleasant odor}}
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|Ellipsoids|0.3 in. (10 mm)7–10 mm (0.28–0.4 in.) long pome|Contain 1-3 small black seeds. The fruit is dispersed by birds and other wildlife|With hooked hairs|}}
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Madhumehantak churna]]
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* [[Navkarshik churna]]
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* [[Daruhaldi powder]]  
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/>
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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Seeds from ripe fruit can be sowed, cold stratification may be required. Prefers a warm moist loamy soil but it is by no means fastidious, succeeding in thin, dry and shallow soils. Prefers a light rich rather dry soil according to another repor<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Season to grow==
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<ref name="Season to grow"/>
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==Required Ecosystem/Climate==
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<ref name="Required Ecosystem/Climate"/>
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==Kind of soil needed==
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Prefers a warm moist loamy soil but it is by no means fastidious, succeeding in thin, dry and shallow soils.
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Abandoned Field}}, {{Commonly seen|Coastal Grassland}}, {{Commonly seen|Early Successional Forest}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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Image:Berberis-vulgaris-flowers.jpg|Leaves
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Image:Berberis vulgaris.jpg|Buds
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Image:Zuurbes R0021689.JPG|Branch
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Image:Zuurbes R0021694.JPG|Flowers
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File:Berberis vulgaris Common Barberry კოწახური (3).JPG|Fruits
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File:Berberis-Samen1.jpg|Seeds
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File:Berberisfrucht aufgeschnitten1.jpg|Berry cut in half length wise
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</gallery>
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==References==
  
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<references>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_10_4_7958_Hosseinihashemi_Antioxidant_Activity_Extracts Chemical Composition]</ref>
  
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== External Links ==
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=5181 Botonical description]</ref>
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://www.planetayurveda.com/library/daruharidra-berberis-aristata Ayurvedic preparations]</ref>
  
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[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berberis_vulgaris Berberis vulgaris-Wikipedia]
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Berberis+vulgaris Cultivation details]</ref>
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</references>
  
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==External Links==
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* [http://www.homeremediess.com/berberis-vulgaris-barberry-plant-images-medicinal-uses/ Berberis Vulgaris (Barberry) Plant Images & Medicinal Uses]
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* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18618524 Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Berberis vulgaris and its active constituent, berberine]
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* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.2399 Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Berberis vulgaris and its active constituent, berberine]
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* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5233136_Pharmacological_and_therapeutic_effects_of_Berberis_vulgaris_and_its_active_constituent_berberine Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Berberis vulgaris and its active constituent]
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* [https://www.hindawi.com/journals/aps/2018/3018498/ Studies on the Dual Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Properties of Berberis vulgaris]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Berberidaceae]]

Latest revision as of 13:55, 4 November 2020

Berberis vulgaris, Barberry

Berberis vulgaris also known as Common barberry, European barberry or simply barberry is a shrub in the genus Berberis. It is native to the Himalayas in India and in Nepal. It is also naturally found in the wet zone of Sri Lanka.

Uses

Cancer, Malarea, Gallbladder pain, Gallstones, Jaundice, Stomach ulcer, Mouth bacterial dysentery.

Parts Used

Stem, Roots, Fruits.

Chemical Composition

Extracts from the inner stem bark of Berberis vulgaris were analyzed for their antioxidant activity using the 1,1-dipheny-2-picrylhydrazyl method and compared with ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene.[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Bagisutrum, Doddamaradarsina, Gantarishina
Hindi Khepacho, Rasaunt, Rasaut, Rasvat, Zarishk
Malayalam Kasturimanjal, Maradarisina
Tamil Mullukkala, Ucikkala, Usikkala
Telugu Daruharidra, Kasthoori pushpa
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Daruharidra, Darunisa, Darurajani
English Chitra


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Guna

Veerya

Vipaka

Karma

Prabhava

Habit

Herb

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Oval Leavesare 0.75-2 in. (2-5 cm) long, 0.25-0.75 in. (1-2 cm) wide, serrate and occur in clusters of 2-5. Each cluster of leaves is subtended by a short, three-branched spine

[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual Less than 0.25 in. (6 mm) wide Yellow 5-20 Flowering occurs in May to June and The flowers have an unpleasant odor

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Ellipsoids 0.3 in. (10 mm)7–10 mm (0.28–0.4 in.) long pome Contain 1-3 small black seeds. The fruit is dispersed by birds and other wildlife With hooked hairs {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

[3]

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

Seeds from ripe fruit can be sowed, cold stratification may be required. Prefers a warm moist loamy soil but it is by no means fastidious, succeeding in thin, dry and shallow soils. Prefers a light rich rather dry soil according to another repor[4]

Season to grow

[5]

Required Ecosystem/Climate

[6]

Kind of soil needed

Prefers a warm moist loamy soil but it is by no means fastidious, succeeding in thin, dry and shallow soils.

Commonly seen growing in areas

Abandoned Field, Coastal Grassland, Early Successional Forest.

Photo Gallery

  • Leaves

  • Buds

  • Branch

  • Flowers

  • Fruits

  • Seeds

  • Berry cut in half length wise

References

  1. ↑ Chemical Composition
  2. ↑ Botonical description
  3. ↑ Ayurvedic preparations
  4. ↑ Cultivation details
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Season to grow
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Required Ecosystem/Climate

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Berberis_vulgaris_-_Daruharidra&oldid=53479"