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[[File:Brennnessel 1.JPG|thumb|right|''Urtica dioica'', ''Stinging nettle'']]
 
[[File:Brennnessel 1.JPG|thumb|right|''Urtica dioica'', ''Stinging nettle'']]
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'''Urtica dioica''' is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Urticaceae. It is native to Europe, Asia, northern Africa, and western North America and introduced elsewhere.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Urination problems}}, {{Uses|Kidney stones}}, {{Uses|Allergies}}, {{Uses|Fever}}, {{Uses|Osteoarthritis}}, {{Uses|Internal bleeding}}, {{Uses|Nosebleeds}}, {{Uses|Anaemia}}, {{Uses|Diabetes}}
  
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'''Stinging nettle''', often called '''common nettle, Urtica dioica''' (although not all plants of this species sting) or '''nettle leaf''', is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Urticaceae. It is native to Europe, Asia, northern Africa, and western North America,<ref name="int"/> and introduced elsewhere. The species is divided into six subspecies, five of which have many hollow stinging hairs called trichomes on the leaves and stems, which act like hypodermic needles, injecting histamine and other chemicals that produce a stinging sensation when contacted by humans and other animals.<ref name="int2"/> The plant has a long history of use as a source of medicine, food, and fibre.
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
  
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== Description ==
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==Chemical Composition==
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The principal chemicals of interest are the sterols and steryl glycosides, including beta-sitosterol etc.<ref name="chemical composition"/>
  
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Urtica dioica is a dioecious, herbaceous, perennial plant, 1 to 2 m (3 to 7 ft) tall in the summer and dying down to the ground in winter. It has widely spreading rhizomes and stolons, which are bright yellow, as are the roots. The soft, green leaves are 3 to 15 cm (1 to 6 in) long and are borne oppositely on an erect, wiry, green stem. The leaves have a strongly serrated margin, a cordate base, and an acuminate tip with a terminal leaf tooth longer than adjacent laterals. It bears small, greenish or brownish, numerous flowers in dense axillary inflorescences. The leaves and stems are very hairy with nonstinging hairs, and in most subspecies, also bear many stinging hairs (trichomes), whose tips come off when touched, transforming the hair into a needle that can inject several chemicals: acetylcholine, histamine, 5-HT (serotonin), moroidin, leukotrienes, and possibly formic acid.<ref name="des"/> This mixture of chemical compounds causes a painful sting or paresthesia from which the species derives one of its common names, stinging nettle, as well as the colloquial names burn nettle, burn weed, and burn hazel.
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=Vrscikali|ta=|te=|hi=Bichchhu|en=Stinging Nettle}}
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
  
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== Uses ==
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===Rasa===
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Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)
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===Guna===
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Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)
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===Veerya===
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Ushna (Hot)
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===Vipaka===
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Katu (Pungent)
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===Karma===
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Kapha, Vata
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===Prabhava===
  
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*U. dioica herb has been used in the traditional Austrian medicine internally (as tea or fresh leaves) to treat disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, locomotor system, skin, cardiovascular system, hemorrhage, influenza, rheumatism, and gout.<ref name="uses"/>
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==Habit==
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*Urtication, or flogging with nettles, is the process of deliberately applying stinging nettles to the skin in order to provoke inflammation. An agent thus used is known as a rubefacient (something that causes redness). This is done as a folk remedy for treatment of rheumatism.<ref name="uses2"/>
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{{Habit|Plant}}
  
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==Common name==
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|Opposite|The thin, bright to dark green leaves are positioned opposite, with saw-toothed margins and infamous stinging hairs on the underside}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
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* '''Hindi''' - बिच्छू
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|Yellow|5-20|Tiny, greenish-white flowers are arranged in clusters on slender, branched spikes formed in the leaf axils}}
  
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== References ==
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|General|7–10 mm|Stinging nettle produces a small, dry, oval-shaped|Fruits are clustered along drooping flower spikes|1}}
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<references>
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<ref name="int">[http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn74146.html "Burning & Stinging Nettles"]</ref>
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===Other features===
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<ref name="int2">[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=iJjI6yDNmr8C&pg=PA170&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false The Central Nervous System: Structure and Function. Oxford University Press US. p. 170. ]</ref>
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<ref name="des">[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4yi7-j48uhIC&pg=PA1104&redir_esc=y Casarett and Doull's toxicology: the basic science of poisons]</ref>
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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<ref name="uses">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791396/  "Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine - An unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs"]</ref>
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<ref name="uses2">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/place-london/plain/A1310950 "Stinging Nettles"]</ref>
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==Where to get the saplings==
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</references>
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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Prefers a soil rich in phosphates and nitrogen. Plants must be grown in a deep rich soil if good quality fibre is required.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Waste ground}}, {{Commonly seen|Hedgerows}}, {{Commonly seen|Rich soil area}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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File:Urtica dioica 1.jpg
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Image:Lamium album no flowers.jpg
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Image:Urtica dioica39 ies.jpg|Seedlings among grass
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Image:Urtica dioica40 ies.jpg|Seedlings among grass
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Image:Urtica dioica04 ies.jpg|Young plants
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Image:Urtica dioica large stand.jpg
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Image:Urtica-dioica4.jpg
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references>  
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.mdidea.com/products/new/new00903.html Chemical constituents]</ref>
  
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== External Links ==
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://www.cropscience.bayer.com/en/crop-compendium/pests-diseases-weeds/weeds/urtica-dioica Plant description]</ref>
  
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urtica_dioica Urtica dioica]
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Urtica+dioica Cultivation details]</ref>
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*[https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Stinging%20Nettle.html flowersofindia]
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</references>
  
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==External Links==
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* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791396/ Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine]
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* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3349212/ Phenolic Compounds Analysis of Root, Stalk, and Leaves of Nettle ]
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* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/urtica-dioica Urtica dioica on science direct]
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* [http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:260630-2 Urtica dioica on plants for future.org]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Urticaceae]]

Latest revision as of 12:50, 31 August 2020

Urtica dioica, Stinging nettle

Urtica dioica is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Urticaceae. It is native to Europe, Asia, northern Africa, and western North America and introduced elsewhere.

Uses

Urination problems, Kidney stones, Allergies, Fever, Osteoarthritis, Internal bleeding, Nosebleeds, Anaemia, Diabetes

Parts Used

Leaves.

Chemical Composition

The principal chemicals of interest are the sterols and steryl glycosides, including beta-sitosterol etc.[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada
Hindi Bichchhu
Malayalam
Tamil
Telugu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Vrscikali
English Stinging Nettle


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Kapha, Vata

Prabhava

Habit

Plant

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Opposite The thin, bright to dark green leaves are positioned opposite, with saw-toothed margins and infamous stinging hairs on the underside

[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 2-4cm long Yellow 5-20 Tiny, greenish-white flowers are arranged in clusters on slender, branched spikes formed in the leaf axils

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
General 7–10 mm Stinging nettle produces a small, dry, oval-shaped Fruits are clustered along drooping flower spikes 1 {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds.

How to plant/cultivate

Prefers a soil rich in phosphates and nitrogen. Plants must be grown in a deep rich soil if good quality fibre is required.[3]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Waste ground, Hedgerows, Rich soil area.

Photo Gallery

  • Urtica dioica 1.jpg
  • Lamium album no flowers.jpg

  • Seedlings among grass

  • Seedlings among grass

  • Young plants

  • Urtica dioica large stand.jpg
  • Urtica-dioica4.jpg

References

  1. ↑ Chemical constituents
  2. ↑ Plant description
  3. ↑ Cultivation details

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Urtica_dioica_-_Vrscikali&oldid=51945"