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Difference between revisions of "Gmelina arborea - Gambhari"

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[[File:Gmelina arborea leaves I IMG 3458.jpg|thumb|right|''Gmelina arborea'', ''Madhumati'']]
 
[[File:Gmelina arborea leaves I IMG 3458.jpg|thumb|right|''Gmelina arborea'', ''Madhumati'']]
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'''Madhumati''' locally known as Gamhar. It is a fast-growing deciduous tree. Occurring naturally throughout greater part of India at altitudes up to 1,500 meters. It also occurs naturally in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and in southern provinces of China. 
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Fever}}, {{Uses|Gonorrhoea}}, {{Uses|Cough}}, {{Uses|Wounds}}, {{Uses|Ulcers}}, {{Uses|Leprosy}}, {{Uses|Blood diseases}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}.<ref name="Uses"/>
  
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Madhumati locally known as gamhar, is a fast-growing deciduous tree, occurring naturally throughout greater part of India at altitudes up to 1,500 meters. It also occurs naturally in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and in southern provinces of China, and has been planted extensively in Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Malaysia, and on experimental basis in other countries as well. It is also planted in gardens and avenues.
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Roots}}, {{Parts Used|Stem}}, {{Parts Used|Root bark}}, {{Parts Used|Stem bark}}, {{Parts Used|Fruits}}.
  
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== Description ==
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==Chemical Composition==
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Hexenol (17.9%), 1-octen-3-ol (8.4%) and hexanol (6.1%) among the aliphatic alcohols; heptacosane (5.6%), pentacosane (3.8%) and 1-pentacosene (3.2%) among the hydrocarbons; and nonanal (8.7%) and (E)-2-decenal (3.0%)<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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Gmelina arborea is a fast-growing tree, which grows on different localities and prefers moist fertile valleys with 750–4500 mm rainfall. It does not thrive on ill-drained soils and remains stunted on dry, sandy or poor soils; drought also reduces it to a shrubby form. This tree is commonly planted as a garden and an avenue tree; growing in villages along agricultural land and on village community lands and wastelands. It is light demander, tolerant of excessive drought, but moderately frost hardy. It has good capacity to recover from frost injury. Gamhar trees coppices very well with vigorous growth. Saplings and young plants need protection from deer and cattle.
 
  
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== Uses ==
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=Shivani|ml=Kumbil|sa=Madhumati|ta=Kumalaamaram|te=Peddagumudutekku|hi=Gamhar|en=Gamhar}}
  
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*It is used in constructions, furniture, carriages, sports, musical instruments and artificial limbs.
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==Properties==
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*Madhumati arborea leaves are considered good for cattle (crude protein – 11.9%) and are also used as a feed to eri-silkworm.
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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*The root and bark of Madhumati are claimed to be stomachic, galactagogue laxative and anthelmintic; improve appetite, useful in hallucination, piles, abdominal pains, burning sensations, fevers, 'tridosha' and urinary discharge.
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===Dravya===
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*Leaf paste is applied to relieve headache and juice is used as wash for ulcers.
 
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* They are useful in leprosy and blood diseases.
 
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*Madhumati helps to promote growth of hairs, useful in 'vata', thirst, anaemia, leprosy, ulcers and vaginal discharge.
 
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*The plant is recommended in combination with other drugs for the treatment of snakebite and scorpion sting. In snakebite a decoction of the root and bark is given internally.
 
  
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==Common name==
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===Rasa===
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Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent), Madhura (Sweet)
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===Guna===
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Guru (heavy)
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===Veerya===
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Ushna (Hot)
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===Vipaka===
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Katu (Pungent)
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===Karma===
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Vata, Pitta
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===Prabhava===
  
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* '''English''' - beechwood
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==Habit==
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* '''Kannada''' - ಶಿವಾನೆ ಮರ
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{{Habit|Deciduous tree}}
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* '''Hindi''' - gamhar
 
  
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== External Links ==
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|Ovate|4-8 inch long,  acuminate, entire}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmelina_arborea Gmelina arborea-Wikipedia]
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|12 inch|Brownish-yellow|5-20|Calyx campanulate, tomentose, 5-lobed and In small usually 3-flowered cymes arranged along the branches of a densely fulvous-tomentose panicle}}
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|Ovoid|1.5-2.0 cm long|Sometimes with portion of attached pedicel, two seeded|With hooked hairs|}}
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Citraka Harītakī]]
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* [[Dashamulakashayam]]
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* [[Dashamula tailam]]
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* [[Dashamula katutrayadi kashaya]]
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* [[Sahacharadi taila]]
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/>
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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The plant can succeed in very dry to wet areas in the tropics and subtropics, where it is found at elevations up to 2,100 metres.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Tropical area}}, {{Commonly seen|Subtropical area}}, {{Commonly seen|Moist teak forests}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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Bhadraparni (Hindi- भद्रपर्णी) (3440358011).jpg|Leaves
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Cashmere tree (3440369261).jpg|Whole herb
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File:Kumpil (Malayalam- കുമ്പിള്‍) (2367171930).jpg|Unriped fruit
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File:Gmelina arborea-fruit-yercaud-salem-India.JPG|Fruits
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Coomb teak (3912203871).jpg|Young leaves
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Gambhari (Sanskrit- गम्भारी) (2367161518).jpg|Flower
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Gamhar (Hindi- गम्हड़) (3245744483).jpg|Buds
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Gamhar or Kashmir Teak (Gmelina arborea)- fallen flower at 23 Mile, Duars, West Bengal W IMG 5898.jpg|Flower
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700165 Essential Oil Composition]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://www.bimbima.com/herbs/gmelina-arborea/2960/ Plant description]</ref>
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<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2014/11/12/gambhari-gmelina-arborea-uses-side-effects-dose/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/forestry/tree-crops/gmelina-arborea Cultivation Details]</ref>
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<ref name="Uses">Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:329</ref>
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</references>
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==External Links==
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* [http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Gamhar.html Gmelina arborea on flowers of india]
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* [http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/forestry/tree-crops/gmelina-arborea Gmelina arborea on vikaspedea]
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* [http://www.planetayurveda.com/library/gambhari-gmelina-arborea Gmelina arborea on palnet ayurveda]
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* [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10086-008-0983-3 Chemical constituents from Gmelina arborea bark and their antioxidant activity]
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
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[[Category:Lamiaceae]]

Latest revision as of 11:23, 13 August 2020

Gmelina arborea, Madhumati

Madhumati locally known as Gamhar. It is a fast-growing deciduous tree. Occurring naturally throughout greater part of India at altitudes up to 1,500 meters. It also occurs naturally in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and in southern provinces of China.

Uses

Fever, Gonorrhoea, Cough, Wounds, Ulcers, Leprosy, Blood diseases, Diarrhea.[1]

Parts Used

Roots, Stem, Root bark, Stem bark, Fruits.

Chemical Composition

Hexenol (17.9%), 1-octen-3-ol (8.4%) and hexanol (6.1%) among the aliphatic alcohols; heptacosane (5.6%), pentacosane (3.8%) and 1-pentacosene (3.2%) among the hydrocarbons; and nonanal (8.7%) and (E)-2-decenal (3.0%)[2]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Shivani
Hindi Gamhar
Malayalam Kumbil
Tamil Kumalaamaram
Telugu Peddagumudutekku
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Madhumati
English Gamhar


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent), Madhura (Sweet)

Guna

Guru (heavy)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Vata, Pitta

Prabhava

Habit

Deciduous tree

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Ovate 4-8 inch long, acuminate, entire

[3]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 12 inch Brownish-yellow 5-20 Calyx campanulate, tomentose, 5-lobed and In small usually 3-flowered cymes arranged along the branches of a densely fulvous-tomentose panicle

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Ovoid 1.5-2.0 cm long Sometimes with portion of attached pedicel, two seeded With hooked hairs {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

[4]

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

The plant can succeed in very dry to wet areas in the tropics and subtropics, where it is found at elevations up to 2,100 metres.[5]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Tropical area, Subtropical area, Moist teak forests.

Photo Gallery

  • Leaves

  • Whole herb

  • Unriped fruit

  • Fruits

  • Young leaves

  • Flower

  • Buds

  • Flower

References

  1. ↑ Karnataka Aushadhiya Sasyagalu By Dr.Maagadi R Gurudeva, Page no:329
  2. ↑ Essential Oil Composition
  3. ↑ Plant description
  4. ↑ Ayurvedic preparations
  5. ↑ Cultivation Details

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Gmelina_arborea_-_Gambhari&oldid=51625"