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Difference between revisions of "Shorea robusta - Agnivallabha"

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[[File:Shorea robusta Roxburgh 1819.jpg|thumb|right|''Agnivallabha'', ''Shorea robusta'']]
 
[[File:Shorea robusta Roxburgh 1819.jpg|thumb|right|''Agnivallabha'', ''Shorea robusta'']]
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'''Agnivallabha''', Sal is an evergreen tree with an elongated crown when young, becoming more rounded as the tree ages. It can grow up to 50 metres tall in fertile soils, but is more likely to be 20 - 25 metres tall in poorer soils. The straight, cylindrical bole can be unbranched for up to 25 metres and up to 200cm in diameter. Sal is a very important multi-purpose tree. It is one of the main commercial timbers of India, being harvested from the wild for local use and export. It also yields a resin that is traded and an oil that is used locally as well as being exported in large quantities. In addition, it supplies tannins, an edible seed and medicines for local use. The leaves are used commercially for making plates and containers
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'''Agnivallabha''' is an evergreen tree with an elongated crown when young, becoming more rounded as the tree ages. It can grow up to 50 metres tall. The straight, cylindrical bole can be unbranched for up to 25 metres and up to 200cm in diameter. It is a very important multi-purpose tree. It is one of the main commercial timbers of India, being harvested from the wild for local use and export. It also yields a resin that is traded and an oil that is used locally as well as being exported in large quantities. In addition, it supplies tannins, an edible seed and medicines for local use. The leaves are used commercially for making plates and containers.
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==Uses==
 
==Uses==
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{{Uses|Fracture healing}}, {{Uses|Wound healing}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|Ear disorders}}, {{Uses|Relieves itching}}
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{{Uses|Fracture healing}}, {{Uses|Wound healing}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|Ear disorders}}, {{Uses|Relieves itching}}.<ref name="Uses"/>
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<ref name="Uses"/>
 
  
 
==Parts Used==
 
==Parts Used==
−
{{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|Sapwood}}, {{Parts Used|Heartwood}}, {{Parts Used|resin}}, {{Parts Used|seeds}}
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{{Parts Used|Bark}}, {{Parts Used|Sapwood}}, {{Parts Used|Heartwood}}, {{Parts Used|Resin}}, {{Parts Used|Seeds}}
  
 
==Chemical Composition==
 
==Chemical Composition==
 +
The oleoresin of the Shorea robusta Gaertn is called as Shala niryasa, Kala, Sarja rasa which has the chemical constituents such as nor-triterpene, dammarenolic acid, asiatic acid, dipterocarpol, triterpenic acid, tannic acid and phenolic content and possesses antibacterial, analgesic and wound healing effect.<ref name="Chemical Composition"/>
  
 
==Common names==
 
==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=ashvakarna, bili-bhogimara, bili-bovu, bilibodige|ml=kungiliyam, mulappumarutu, salavrksam|sa=agnivallabha, ashvakarna, dhupavrksa, ralasala|ta=venkunkiliyam, tanivirukkam, acuvakarnakam|te=jalari-chettu, saala, sarjakamu|hi=sal, ral, shal|en=Sal}}
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{{Common names|kn=Ashvakarna, Bili-bhogimara, Bili-bovu, Bilibodige|ml=Kungiliyam, Mulappumarutu, Salavrksam|sa=Agnivallabha, Ashvakarna, Dhupavrksa, Ralasala|ta=Venkunkiliyam, Tanivirukkam, Acuvakarnakam|te=Jalari-chettu, Saala, Sarjakamu|hi=Sal, Ral, Shal|en=Sal}}.
 
<ref name="Common names"/>
 
<ref name="Common names"/>
  
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==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
===Leaf===
 
===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|Simple|Alternate| shiny, glabrous, about 10-25 cm long and broadly oval atthe base, with the apex tapering into a long point; new leaves reddish, soon becoming delicate green. }<ref name="Leaf"/>
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{{Leaf|Simple|Alternate|Shiny, glabrous, about 10-25 cm long and broadly oval atthe base, with the apex tapering into a long point; new leaves reddish, soon becoming delicate green. }<ref name="Leaf"/>
  
 
===Flower===
 
===Flower===
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{{Flower|Bisexual|Terminal or axillary racemose panicles|Yellowish white|25+| fragrant, yellow or cream white, pedicel subsessile, bracts minute, caducous, calyx 5 lobed, tubular with short valvate lobes, imbricate, ovate-triangular, adnate to the receptacle, outer 3 larger than the inner 2 lobes, about 2-2.5 mm long, petals 5, white, pale yellow to pinkish strips, lanceolate, base slightly connate, apex acuminate, glabrous inside, buff pubescent outside, 10-13 nerved longitudinally. Stamens 25 or more, adnate persistent, short, filaments somewhat flattened or tapering and filiform, anthers subglobose, narrow oblong-ovate, connective subulate, minutely tri-fid towards beyond anther lobes, hair-like. Ovary enclosed inside calyx tube, narrow ovoid, pubescent, tri-locular, 2 ovules per locule, stylopodium distinct or not, style subulate, stigma tri-lobed or tri dentate.}}
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{{Flower|Bisexual|Terminal or axillary racemose panicles|Yellowish white|25+| fragrant, yellow or cream white, pedicel subsessile, bracts minute, caducous, calyx 5 lobed, tubular with short valvate lobes, imbricate, ovate-triangular.}}
  
 
===Fruit===
 
===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|Winged capsule|1.5 cm long| ovoid, apex acute, densely pubescent, about 1.5 cm long, enclosed in calyx tube with 3 outer accrescent larger lobes and broader lobes, about 8 x 1.5 cm long and 2 inner ones, smaller, oblong-spathulate, apex obtuse, about 10-12 veined, about 3.5 x 0.5 cm across, calyx lobes base thick, saccate, pubescent. Seeds 1, cotyledons large, fleshy|}}
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{{Fruit|Winged capsule|1.5 cm long|Ovoid, apex acute, densely pubescent, about 1.5 cm long, enclosed in calyx tube with 3 outer accrescent larger lobes and broader lobes, about 8 x 1.5 cm long and 2 inner ones.|}}
  
 
===Other features===
 
===Other features===
  
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
 
==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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* [[Asanadi kashayam]]
 +
* [[Eladi taila]]
 +
* [[Ayaskriti]]
 +
* [[Chandanadi vati]]
 +
* [[Somanath ras]]
 +
<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/>
  
 
==Where to get the saplings==
 
==Where to get the saplings==
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==How to plant/cultivate==
 
==How to plant/cultivate==
−
 
  
 
===Season to grow===
 
===Season to grow===
  
 
===Soil type===
 
===Soil type===
−
 
  
 
===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
 +
{{Propagation|Seeds}}
  
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
 
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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File:Trunk of Shorea robust, Shala tree, শাল গাছ.jpg|Trunk
 
File:Trunk of Shorea robust, Shala tree, শাল গাছ.jpg|Trunk
 
File:Shorea robusta Seeds.JPG|Seeds
 
File:Shorea robusta Seeds.JPG|Seeds
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File:Side view of Sal flowers.jpg|Flowers
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+
File:Top view of Sal flowers.jpg|Flower
 +
File:A branch laden with Sal flowers.jpg|Flowers
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
−
 
 
<references>  
 
<references>  
−
<ref name="Uses">[https://easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/sal-tree-shorea-robusta-ayurveda-details-and-health-benefits/"Uses"]</ref>
+
<ref name="Uses">[https://easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/sal-tree-shorea-robusta-ayurveda-details-and-health-benefits/ Uses]</ref>
−
<ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/231143 "BOTANIC DESCRIPTION"]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/231143 BOTANIC DESCRIPTION]</ref>
−
<ref name="Common names">[http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search "Vernacular names"]</ref>
+
<ref name="Common names">[http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search Vernacular names]</ref>
−
 
+
<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations">[https://easyayurveda.com/2012/10/03/sal-tree-shorea-robusta-ayurveda-details-and-health-benefits/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref>
−
 
+
<ref name="Chemical Composition">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3336301/ Chemical composition]</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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* http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb/AFTPDFS/Shorea_robusta.PDF
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* [http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb/AFTPDFS/Shorea_robusta.PDF Shorea robusta on worldagroforestry.org]
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* https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ijas/article/view/3078
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* [https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ijas/article/view/3078 Shorea robusta on innovareacademics.in]
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Tree]]
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[[Category:Dipterocarpaceae]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have flower, fruit and leaf photos]]
 
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
 

Latest revision as of 18:28, 7 August 2020

Agnivallabha, Shorea robusta

Agnivallabha is an evergreen tree with an elongated crown when young, becoming more rounded as the tree ages. It can grow up to 50 metres tall. The straight, cylindrical bole can be unbranched for up to 25 metres and up to 200cm in diameter. It is a very important multi-purpose tree. It is one of the main commercial timbers of India, being harvested from the wild for local use and export. It also yields a resin that is traded and an oil that is used locally as well as being exported in large quantities. In addition, it supplies tannins, an edible seed and medicines for local use. The leaves are used commercially for making plates and containers.

Uses

Fracture healing, Wound healing, Diarrhea, Ear disorders, Relieves itching.[1]

Parts Used

Bark, Sapwood, Heartwood, Resin, Seeds

Chemical Composition

The oleoresin of the Shorea robusta Gaertn is called as Shala niryasa, Kala, Sarja rasa which has the chemical constituents such as nor-triterpene, dammarenolic acid, asiatic acid, dipterocarpol, triterpenic acid, tannic acid and phenolic content and possesses antibacterial, analgesic and wound healing effect.[2]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada Ashvakarna, Bili-bhogimara, Bili-bovu, Bilibodige
Hindi Sal, Ral, Shal
Malayalam Kungiliyam, Mulappumarutu, Salavrksam
Tamil Venkunkiliyam, Tanivirukkam, Acuvakarnakam
Telugu Jalari-chettu, Saala, Sarjakamu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Agnivallabha, Ashvakarna, Dhupavrksa, Ralasala
English Sal

. [3]

Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Kashaya (Astringent), Madhura (Sweet)

Guna

Rooksha (Dry), Ushna (Hot)

Veerya

Sheeta (Cold)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Prabhava

Habit

Tree

Identification

Leaf

{{Leaf|Simple|Alternate|Shiny, glabrous, about 10-25 cm long and broadly oval atthe base, with the apex tapering into a long point; new leaves reddish, soon becoming delicate green. }[4]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Bisexual Terminal or axillary racemose panicles Yellowish white 25+ fragrant, yellow or cream white, pedicel subsessile, bracts minute, caducous, calyx 5 lobed, tubular with short valvate lobes, imbricate, ovate-triangular.

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Winged capsule 1.5 cm long Ovoid, apex acute, densely pubescent, about 1.5 cm long, enclosed in calyx tube with 3 outer accrescent larger lobes and broader lobes, about 8 x 1.5 cm long and 2 inner ones. {{{5}}} {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

[5]

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds

How to plant/cultivate

Season to grow

Soil type

Propagation

Seeds

Commonly seen growing in areas

Sub Tropical area

Photo Gallery

  • Leaf

  • Tree

  • Trunk

  • Seeds

  • Flowers

  • Flower

  • Flowers

References

  1. ↑ Uses
  2. ↑ Chemical composition
  3. ↑ Vernacular names
  4. ↑ BOTANIC DESCRIPTION
  5. ↑ Ayurvedic preparations

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Shorea_robusta_-_Agnivallabha&oldid=51486"