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Difference between revisions of "Piper methysticum - Kava"

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[[File:Starr 070515-7054 Piper methysticum.jpg|thumb|right|''Kava'']]
 
[[File:Starr 070515-7054 Piper methysticum.jpg|thumb|right|''Kava'']]
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'''Kava''' is a crop of the western Pacific. Kava is consumed throughout the Pacific Ocean cultures of Polynesia, including Hawaii, Vanuatu, Melanesia and some parts of Micronesia for its sedating effects.
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|Nausea}}, {{Uses|Loss of appetite}}, {{Uses|Tiredness}}, {{Uses|Liver disorders}}, {{Uses|Abdominal pain}}, {{Uses|Dark urine}}, {{Uses|Anxiety }},{{Uses|Stress}}, {{Uses|Sore throats}}
  
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'''Kava''' or '''kava-kava''' is a crop of the western Pacific. The roots of the plant are used to produce a drink with sedative, anesthetic, euphoriant, and entheogenic properties. Kava is consumed throughout the Pacific Ocean cultures of Polynesia, including Hawaii, Vanuatu, Melanesia and some parts of Micronesia for its sedating effects. Its active ingredients are called kavalactones. A Cochrane systematic review concluded it was likely to be more effective than placebo at treating short-term anxiety.
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|Roots}}, {{Parts Used|Rhizome}}.
  
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== Description ==
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==Chemical Composition==
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Trimethyl-1-naphthol, 5-methyl-1-phenylhexen-3-yn-5-ol, octadecadienoic acid-methyl ester, Dimethylflavanone, Pinostrobin chalcone and 7-dimethoxyflavanone-5 hydroxy<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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The several cultivars of kava vary in concentrations of primary and secondary psychoactive alkaloids. The largest number are grown in the Republic of Vanuatu, and so it is recognised as the "home" of kava. Kava was historically grown only in the Pacific islands of Hawaii, Federated States of Micronesia, Vanuatu, Fiji, the Samoas and Tonga.
 
  
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The kava shrub thrives in loose, well-drained soils where plenty of air reaches the roots. It grows naturally where rainfall is plentiful (over 2,000 mm/yr). Ideal growing conditions are 70–95 °F (21–35 °C) and 70–100% relative humidity. Too much sunlight is harmful, especially in early growth, so kava is an understory crop.
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=|ta=|te=|hi=|en=Ava, Ava Pepper}}
  
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Kava cannot reproduce sexually. Female flowers are especially rare and do not produce fruit even when hand-pollinated. Its cultivation is entirely by propagation from stem cuttings.
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
  
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== Uses ==
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===Rasa===
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Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)
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===Guna===
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Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)
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===Veerya===
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Ushna (Hot)
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===Vipaka===
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Katu (Pungent)
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===Karma===
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Kapha, Vata
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===Prabhava===
  
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*Over centuries, kava has been used in the traditional medicine of the South Pacific Islands for central nervous system and peripheral effects.<ref name="uses"/> As noted in one literature review: "Peripherally, [kava] is indicated in traditional Pacific medicine for urogenital conditions (gonorrhea infections, chronic cystitis, difficulty urinating), reproductive and women's health (...), gastrointestinal upsets, respiratory ailments (asthma, coughs, and tuberculosis), skin diseases and topical wounds, and as an analgesic, with significant subtlety and nuance attending the precise strain, plant component (leaf, stem, root, etc.) and preparative method to be used".
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|Shrub}}
  
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== References ==
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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<references>
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{{Leaf|Simple|Alternate|The leaves are heart-shaped, 10-30 cm x 8-23 cm; stipules large, persistent}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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<ref name="uses">[https://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/herb/kava-kava "Kava kava"]</ref>
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|3-9 cm long|Yellow|2|The female spike bears flowers with a single basal ovule in an unilocular ovary topped by a stigma.}}
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|General|7–10 mm|Fruit seldom produced; a berry containing one seed||single}}
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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The kava plant is propagated from cuttings taken from the lower stems or from the younger stems once separated from the rootstock when the root is harvested.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|Damp areas}}, {{Commonly seen|Near streams}}, {{Commonly seen|Borders of forests}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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Starr 021122-0033 Piper methysticum.jpg
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Starr 021122-0034 Piper methysticum.jpg
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File:Starr-091104-8928-Piper methysticum-leaves and flower spikes-Kahanu Gardens NTBG Kaeleku Hana-Maui (24962022846).jpg|Flowers
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File:Kava-powder-from-vanuatu-ready-to-mix-with-water.jpg
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Starr 021122-0035 Piper methysticum.jpg
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Starr 021122-0036 Piper methysticum.jpg
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Starr 040318-0058 Piper methysticum.jpg
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Starr 050407-6214 Piper methysticum.jpg
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Starr 050407-6215 Piper methysticum.jpg
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</gallery>
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==References==
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<references>  
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18404321 Chemical components]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb/AFTPDFS/Piper_methysticum.PDF BOTANIC DESCRIPTION]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://kava.com/articles/botany-of-kava/ Cultivation]</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
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== External Links ==
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==External Links==
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* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/piper-methysticum Piper methysticum on science direct]
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kava Kava-Wikipedia]
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* [https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/drugs/pharmacology/kava-plant Piper methysticum on encyclopedea.com]
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* [https://www.konakavafarm.com/piper_methysticum.html Piper methysticum on konakavafarm.com]
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* [http://www.takimai.com/grow-kava-harvest/ Piper methysticum on grow kava harvest in takimai]
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Piperaceae]]

Latest revision as of 17:11, 2 July 2020

Kava

Kava is a crop of the western Pacific. Kava is consumed throughout the Pacific Ocean cultures of Polynesia, including Hawaii, Vanuatu, Melanesia and some parts of Micronesia for its sedating effects.

Uses

Nausea, Loss of appetite, Tiredness, Liver disorders, Abdominal pain, Dark urine, Anxiety ,Stress, Sore throats

Parts Used

Roots, Rhizome.

Chemical Composition

Trimethyl-1-naphthol, 5-methyl-1-phenylhexen-3-yn-5-ol, octadecadienoic acid-methyl ester, Dimethylflavanone, Pinostrobin chalcone and 7-dimethoxyflavanone-5 hydroxy[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada
Hindi
Malayalam
Tamil
Telugu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit
English Ava, Ava Pepper


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)

Guna

Laghu (Light), Ruksha (Dry), Tikshna (Sharp)

Veerya

Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka

Katu (Pungent)

Karma

Kapha, Vata

Prabhava

Habit

Shrub

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
Simple Alternate The leaves are heart-shaped, 10-30 cm x 8-23 cm; stipules large, persistent

[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 3-9 cm long Yellow 2 The female spike bears flowers with a single basal ovule in an unilocular ovary topped by a stigma.

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
General 7–10 mm Fruit seldom produced; a berry containing one seed single {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

The kava plant is propagated from cuttings taken from the lower stems or from the younger stems once separated from the rootstock when the root is harvested.[3]

Commonly seen growing in areas

Damp areas, Near streams, Borders of forests.

Photo Gallery

  • Starr 021122-0033 Piper methysticum.jpg
  • Starr 021122-0034 Piper methysticum.jpg

  • Flowers

  • Kava-powder-from-vanuatu-ready-to-mix-with-water.jpg
  • Starr 021122-0035 Piper methysticum.jpg
  • Starr 021122-0036 Piper methysticum.jpg
  • Starr 040318-0058 Piper methysticum.jpg
  • Starr 050407-6214 Piper methysticum.jpg
  • Starr 050407-6215 Piper methysticum.jpg

References

  1. ↑ Chemical components
  2. ↑ BOTANIC DESCRIPTION
  3. ↑ Cultivation

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Piper_methysticum_-_Kava&oldid=50696"