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Glycyrrhiza glabra - Yashtimadhu

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→‎Chemical Composition
[[File:Glycyrrhiza glabra inflorescence.jpg|thumb|right|''Yashtimadhu'', ''Liquorice'']]
''' Glycyrrhiza glabra''' is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a herbaceous perennial legume native to southern Europe and parts of Asia, such as India. It is not botanically related to anise, star anise, or fennel, which are sources of similar flavouring compounds.
==Uses==
{{Uses|Arthritis}}, {{Uses|Mouth ulcers}}, {{Uses|Cough}}, {{Uses|Asthma}}, {{Uses|Bronchitis}}, {{Uses|Blotches}}, {{Uses|Peptic ulcer}}, {{Uses|Allergic complaints}}, {{Uses|High blood pressure}}, {{Uses|Kidney disease}}, {{Uses|Herpes}}, {{Uses|Acidity}}, {{Uses|Increases strength}}, {{Uses|Throat disorder}}, {{Uses|Hair problems}}, {{Uses|Respiratory disorder}}.
'''Liquorice,''' or '''licorice''',<ref name="meaning"/> is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a herbaceous perennial legume native to southern Europe and parts of Asia, such as India. It is not botanically related to anise, star anise, or fennel=Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Roots}}, which are sources of similar flavouring compounds{{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
Most liquorice is used as a flavouring agent for tobacco==Chemical Composition==Glycosides, particularly US blend cigarettes, to which liquorice lends a natural sweetness and a distinctive flavour and makes it easier to inhale the smoke by creating bronchodilators, which open up the lungs. Liquorice flavours are also used as candies or sweeteners, particularly in some European glycyrrhizin (about 7%) and Middle Eastern countries. Liquorice extracts have a number of medical uses, and they are also used in herbal and folk medications. Excessive consumption of liquorice (more than 2 mg/kg/day of pure glycyrrhizinic acid, a liquorice componenttriterpenoid glycosides (saponins) may result in adverse effects, and overconsumption should be suspected clinically in patients presenting with otherwise unexplained hypokalemia and muscle weakness.flavonoids<ref name="intchemical composition"/>
Glycyrrhizin has also demonstrated antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and blood pressure-increasing effects in vitro and in vivo, as is supported by the finding that intravenous glycyrrhizin (as if it is given orally very little of the original drug makes it into circulation) slows the progression of viral and autoimmune hepatitis. In one clinical trial liquorice demonstrated promising activity, when applied topically, against atopic dermatitis. Additionally, liquorice may be effective in treating hyperlipidaemia (a high amount of fats in the blood). Liquorice has also demonstrated efficacy in treating inflammation-induced skin hyperpigmentation. Liquorice may also be useful in preventing neurodegenerative disorders and dental caries.<ref name="uses"/>=Common names=={{Common names|kn=|ml=|sa=Yashtimadhu|ta=|te=|hi=|en=}}
The antiulcer==Properties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, laxativeGuna - Qualities, antidiabeticVeerya - Potency, antiVipaka - Post-inflammatorydigesion effect, immunomodulatoryKarma - Pharmacological activity, antitumour and expectorant properties of liquorice have been investigatedPrabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya===
===Rasa===Madhura (Sweet)===Guna===Guru (Heavy), Snigda (unctous)===Veerya===Sheeta (Cold)===Vipaka===Madhura (Sweet)===Karma===Vata, Pitta===Prabhava=== ==Habit=={{Habit|Herb}} ==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple||Divided into 9–17 leaflets, held on a leaf stalk 10–20 cm long}}<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual|1.0–1.5 cm long|Violet|5-20|The flowers are held in loose, conical spires, almost as long as the leaves}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit||1–3 cm long and 4–5 mm wide|Each pod contains 2–5 brown to blackish seeds|With hooked hairs|Many}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==* [[Yashtimadhu taila]] * [[Kumkumadi taila]]<ref name="Ayurvedic preparations"/> ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==Requires a deep well cultivated fertile moisture-retentive soil for good root production<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Dry open places}}, {{Commonly seen|Sandy places near the sea}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">01731 - Glycyrrhiza glabra (Deutsches Süßholz).JPG|Fruits01732 - Glycyrrhiza glabra (Deutsches Süßholz).JPG|Whole herbAmorpha et Glycyrrhiza.jpg|LeavesBamberg 20140513092749.jpg|At field</gallery> == References ==
<references>
<ref name="intchemical composition">[https://www.ncbimdidea.nlmcom/products/new/new01103.nih.govhtml Phytochemicals]</ref> <ref name="Leaf">[http:/pmc/articlespowo.science.kew.org/PMC3498851taxon/ "How much is too much? in Licorice abuseurn:lsid:ipni.org:names: time to send a warning message from Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism"496941-1 Plant description]</ref><ref name="meaningAyurvedic preparations">[httphttps://www.dictionaryeasyayurveda.com/browse2012/12/08/licorice "Liquorice"-benefits-medicinal-qualities-complete-ayurveda-details/ Ayurvedic preparations]</ref> <ref name="usesHow to plant/cultivate">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nihpfaf.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183139org/pdfuser/nihms307525Plant.pdf "Neuroprotection by spice-derived nutraceuticals: you are what you eat!"aspx?LatinName=Glycyrrhiza+glabra Cultivation details]</ref>
</references>
== External Links ==* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3498851/ Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message]* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183139/pdf/nihms307525.pdf Glycyrrhiza glabra-Neuroprotection by Spice-Derived Nutraceuticals]*[https://enwww.wikipediasciencedirect.orgcom/science/article/wikipii/0308814690901592 Liquorice Liquorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra L.—Composition, uses and analysis]* [http://ijpsr.com/bft-article/glycyrrhiza-glabra-a-phytopharmacological-Wikipediareview/?view=fulltext Glycyrrhiza glabra on INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Fabaceae]]
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