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Coscinium fenestratum - Kālīyaka

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{{stub}}[[File:Coscinium fenestratum.jpg|thumb|right|''Kālīyaka'']]'''Kālīyaka''' consists of the dried root & stem of Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. (Fam. Menispermaceae), is a large woody climber with stout stem and branches, occurring in the Western Ghats.  
==Uses==
{{Uses|Wounds}}, {{Uses|Ulcers}}.
==Parts Used==
{{Parts Used|}}, {{Parts Used|}}, {{Parts Used|}}, {{Parts Used|Stem}}.
==Chemical Composition==
Alkaloids-berberine, palmitine, jatrorrhizine, proto-berberne, N-dilindacarpine, thalifendine and columbamine. The stems and roots of Kalambaka contain alkaloids including berberine. 3.5–5% and jatorrhizine. Stems contain ceryl palmitic acid and oleic acid <ref name="chemical composition"/>
==Common names==
{{Common names|kn=Mardaa arashinaa|ml=Maramanjal|sa=Kālīya, Kālīyākhya, Kāleyaka, Kalambaka|ta=Atturam, Kadari, Manjalkoid|te=Manu pasupu|hi=Jhaar-ki-hald|en=False Calumba}}
==Properties==
===Dravya===
===Rasa===
Kaṣāya, Tikṭa
===Guna===
Laghu.Rūkṣa
===Veerya===
Śīta
===Vipaka===
Kaṭu
===Karma===
Pittahara, Dīpana, Pācana, Anulomaka, Raktaṣodhaka, Pittahara, Kaphamedohara, Dīpana, Pācana, Kaphamedohara.
===Prabhava===
==Habit==
{{Habit|Climber}}
==Identification==
===Leaf===
{{Leaf|ParipinnateOblong deltoid|OblongObscurely peltate|Leaf Arrangementis Alternate-spiralare glabrous above, hairy and reticulate beneath.}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
===Flower===
{{Flower|Unisexual|2-4cm long|pinkGreen|Borne in dense globose heads|Flowering throughout the year It is a dioecious plant and In terminal and/or axillary pseudoracemescomes to bloom from August to October}}
===Fruit===
{{Fruit|oblong podDrupe globose|Thinly septate, pilose, wrinkled3-8 cm|Villous and bony endocarp||seeds upto 5|Fruiting throughout the yearSeed is globose}}
===Other features===
==Mode of Propagation==
{{Propagation|Seeds}}
==How to plant/cultivate==
==Commonly seen growing in areas==
{{Commonly seen|Lowland forest}}, {{Commonly seen|Soils include granitic}}, {{Commonly seen|Sandstone area}}.
==Photo Gallery==
<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
File:Coscinium fenestratum at Boystown (10).jpg|Leaf
File:Coscinium fenestratum at Boystown (6).jpg|Stem
File:Coscinium Fenestratum 02.JPG|Fruit
File:Coscinium fenestratum at Boystown (12).jpg|Leaf underside
 
</gallery>
==References==
<references>
<ref name="chemical composition">The Ayuredic Pharmacopoeia of India Part-1, Volume-5, Page no-14[http://gbpihedenvis.nic.in/PDFs/Glossary_Medicinal_Plants_Springer.pdf Chemical composition]</ref><ref name="Leaf">[ "http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/package-of-practices/medicinal-and-aromatic-plants/coscinium-fenestratum Morphology"]</ref><ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[ "Cultivation detail"]</ref>
</references>
==External Links==
*[https://scialert.net/fulltextmobile/?doi=jps.2008.133.145 Coscinium fenestratum on scialert.net]*[http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Coscinium+fenestratum Coscinium fenestratum on theferns.info]*[http://envis.frlht.org/junclist.php?txtbtname=&gesp=656%7CCoscinium+fenestratum+%28GAERTN.%29+COLEB Coscinium fenestratum on frlht.org]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
[[Category:Menispermaceae]]

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