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Commiphora molmol - Mahisaksa

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[[File:Commiphora wightii 06myrrha - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-019.JPGjpg|thumb|right|''Commiphora wightiimyrrha'']]'''Guggul plant''' is a flowering plant in the family Burseraceae. The guggul plant may be found from northern Africa to central Asia but it is most common in northern India. It prefers arid and semi-arid climates and is tolerant of poor soil.==Uses=={{Uses|Cold sores}}, {{Uses|Canker sores}}, {{Uses|Candida}}, {{Uses|Fungal infections}}, {{Uses|Cholesterol}}, {{Uses|Oral inflammation}}, {{Uses|Pimples}}, {{Uses|Diarrhea}}, {{Uses|Sore throats}}
'''Guggul plant''' or '''Commiphora wightii'''==Parts Used=={{Parts Used|Rubber sap}}, with common names Indian bdellium-tree, gugal, guggul, gugul, or Mukul myrrh tree, is a flowering plant in the family Burseraceae. The guggul plant may be found from northern Africa to central Asia, but is most common in northern India. It prefers arid and semi-arid climates and is tolerant of poor soil{{Parts Used|Resin}}.
== Description Chemical Composition==These constituents include triterpenoids, flavonoids, lignans, phenols, steroids, alkaloids, and iridoids<ref name="chemical composition"/>
It is a shrub or small tree==Common names=={{Common names|kn=Kanthagana, reaching a maximum height of 4 m (13 ft)Guggala|ml=Gulgulu, with thin papery bark. The branches are thorny. The leaves are simple or trifoliateGuggulu|sa=Pura, the leaflets ovateMahisaksa|ta=Mahisaksi Guggalu|te=Makishakshi guggulu|hi=Guggul|en=Gum-gugul, 1–5 cm (0.39–1.97 in) long, 0.5–2.5 cm (0.20–0.98 in) broad, and irregularly toothed. It is gynodioecious, with some plants bearing bisexual and male flowers, and others with female flowers. The individual flowers are red to pink, with four small petals. The small round fruit are red when ripe.Indian Bdellium}}
== Raditional medicinal use Properties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya===
Guggul has been a key component in ancient Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine. However===Rasa===Kashaya (Astringent), because of its overuseKatu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter)===Guna===Laghu (Light), it has become so scarce in its two habitats in India — Gujarat and Rajasthan - that the World Conservation Union Ruksha (Dry)===Veerya===Ushna (IUCNHeating) has enlisted it in its Red Data List of endangered species.===Vipaka===Katu (Pungent)===Karma===Balya, Rasayana, Varnya, Vatabalasajit, Bhagnasandhanakrt, Medohara===Prabhava===
Chemical structure of guggulsterone, a constituent of gum guggul==Habit==The extract of gum guggul, called gugulipid, guggulipid, or guglipid, has been used in Unani and Ayurvedic medicine, for nearly 3,000 years in India.<ref name="uses"/> One chemical ingredient in the extract is the steroid guggulsterone, which acts as an antagonist of the farnesoid X receptor, once believed to result in decreased cholesterol synthesis in the liver. However, several studies have been published that indicate no overall reduction in total cholesterol occurs using various dosages of guggulsterone and levels of low-density lipoprotein ("bad cholesterol") increased in many people.{{Habit|Herb}}
Rheuma tised==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|Simple|Trifoliate|Chartaceous, arthritis, paralysis, laxativegreyish green or glaucous}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
==Common name=Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual|3-4 mm long|Yellow|5-10|Male flowers usually precocious, 2-4 in dichasial}}
===Fruit==={{Fruit|Ovoid|2-4 mm long|Fruits 1-2 on jointed stalks|Seed smooth with gentle swellings}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==* [[Vishatinduka Taila]] as '''English'root juice extract''  ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==The soil around existing plants is cultivated (by hand using a hoe, or by machine using a cultivator) to destroy weeds and promote growth by increasing soil aeration and water infiltration.<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|Eastern Mediterranean}}, {{Commonly seen|Arabian Peninsula}}, {{Commonly seen|Desert regions}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">File:Commiphora-myrrha-resin- myrrh tree.jpg|Resin </gallery>* '''Kannada''' - ಕಂತಗಾನ * '''Hindi''' - गुग्गुल==References==
== References ==
<references>
<ref name="useschemical composition">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17256730 Chemical constituents]</ref> <ref name="Leaf">[http://newswww.bbcworldagroforestry.coorg/treedb/AFTPDFS/Commiphora_myrrha.ukPDF Botonical description]</2ref> <ref name="How to plant/hicultivate">[https:/health/1963645www.britannica.stm Indian herb can reduce cholesterolcom/topic/cultivation Cultivation agriculture]</ref>
</references>
== External Links == [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commiphora_wightii Commiphora wightii-Wikipedia]
* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/eclipta-prostrata Mahisaksa on science direct]
* [https://www.thebalancesmb.com/what-is-cultivation-2538230 Definition of Cultivation for Happy Plants and Healthy Soil]
* [https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/myrrh-gum-herb.html Myrrh Herb – Health Benefits and Side Effects]
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17985580 Commiphora molmol in human welfare]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have flower, fruit and leaf photos]]
[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
[[Category:Burseracaceae]]
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