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'''Salix nigra''' ('''black willow''') is a species of willow native to eastern North America, from New Brunswick and southern Ontario west to Minnesota, and south to northern Florida and Texas.
 
'''Salix nigra''' ('''black willow''') is a species of willow native to eastern North America, from New Brunswick and southern Ontario west to Minnesota, and south to northern Florida and Texas.
  
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== Description ==
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==Uses==
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{{Uses|sexual erethism}}, {{Uses|irritability}}, {{Uses|passion}}, {{Uses|libidinous thoughts}}, {{Uses|irritability}}, {{Uses|Toot cystitis}}, {{Uses|sexual abuse}}, {{Uses|ovaritis}}, {{Uses|cystitis}}, {{Uses|prostatitis}}.
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==Parts Used==
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{{Parts Used|inner bark}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}.
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==Chemical Composition==
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White-willow bark, according to Pelletier and Caventou, consists of bitter, yellow coloring matter, green fatty matter, tannic acid, resin, etc. The chief constituent, however, as with all the willows, is the glucosid salicin (see Salicinum)<ref name="chemical composition"/>
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==Common names==
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{{Common names|kn=|ml=Akkarakaaram|sa=Akarkarabh|ta=|te=|hi=Akarkara|en=Pellitory}}
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==Properties==
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Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.
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===Dravya===
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===Rasa===
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===Guna===
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===Veerya===
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===Vipaka===
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===Karma===
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===Prabhava===
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==Habit==
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{{Habit|tree}}
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==Identification==
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===Leaf===
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{{Leaf|simple|deciduous|petiolate, alternate, distichous, (2–)5–15 cm long, (0.3–)0.5–1.5(–2) cm wide, falcate or lanceolate, leaf margins serrate or serrulate, leaf apices acuminate, leaf bases cuneate or obtuse or rounded}}<ref name="Leaf"/>
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===Flower===
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{{Flower|Unisexual|14-18cm long|Yellow, Circular|Androecium. Stamens 3–7 per flower.| Flowering February or March or April or May. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, catkins, flowers sessile. Flowers unisexual or pistillate or staminate. Perianth. Calyx absent. Corolla absent. Gynoecium. Ovaries superior, pistils 1 per flower. Gynoecium syncarpous, 2 carpels per flower, styles 1 per pistil, styles 0.2 mm long.}}
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===Fruit===
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{{Fruit|Fruits capsules|0.3–0.8 cm long|reddish-brown, fruit maturation 1 years|seeds many, ovoid.|}}
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===Other features===
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==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used==
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==Where to get the saplings==
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==Mode of Propagation==
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{{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}.
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==How to plant/cultivate==
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Succeeds in most soils, including wet, ill-drained or intermittently flooded soilst<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/>
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==Commonly seen growing in areas==
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{{Commonly seen|wet soil condition}}, {{Commonly seen|along streams and lakes}}.
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==Photo Gallery==
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<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">
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2013-05-04 15 59 05 Black Willow catkins along Colonial Lake in Colonial Lake Park in Lawrence, New Jersey.jpg
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 +
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2013-05-04 15 59 14 Black Willow catkins along Colonial Lake in Colonial Lake Park in Lawrence, New Jersey.jpg
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It is a medium-sized deciduous tree, the largest North American species of willow, growing to 10–30 m (35–100 ft) tall, exceptionally up to 45 m (148 ft), with a trunk 50–80 centimeters (20–30 in) diameter. The bark is dark brown to blackish, becoming fissured in older trees, and frequently forking near the base. The shoots are slender and variable in color from green to brown, yellow or purplish; they are (like the related European Salix fragilis) brittle at the base, snapping evenly at the branch junction if bent sharply. The foliage buds are 2–4 millimetres (1⁄16–3⁄16 in) long, with a single, pointed reddish-brown bud scale. The leaves are alternate, long, thin, 5–15 centimeters (2–6 in) long and 0.5–2 centimeters (1⁄4–3⁄4 in) broad, usually somewhat falcate, dark, shiny green on both sides or with a lighter green underside, with a finely serrated margin, a short petiole and a pair of small stipules. It is dioecious, with small, greenish yellow to yellow flowers borne on catkins 2.5–7.5 centimeters (1–3 in) long in early spring at the same time as the new leaves appear. The fruit is a 5 millimeters (3⁄16 in) capsule which splits open when mature to release the numerous minute, down-covered seeds. The leaves turn a lemon yellow in the fall. It is typically found along streams and in swamps.<ref name="des"/><ref name="des2"/>
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Annual report of the Ohio State Academy of Science" (1893-1930.) (19369397441).jpg
  
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Salix gooddingii (Goodding's willow) is sometimes included in S. nigra as a variety, as S. nigra var. vallicola Dudley; when included, this extends the species' range to western North America. However, the two are usually treated as distinct species.
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Black Willow NBG.jpg
  
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Another name occasionally used for black willow is "swamp willow", not to be confused with Salix myrtilloides (swamp willow).
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Black Willows in Cameron Texas.jpg
  
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== Uses ==
 
 
   
 
   
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*Black willow roots are very bitter, and have been used as a substitute for quinine in the past.<ref name="uses"/>
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Salix nigra catkins 8001.JPG
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*Ethnobotanical uses of black willow by various Native American tribes include basketry, and treatment of fever, headache, and coughs.
 
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*The bark of the tree contains salicylic acid, a chemical compound similar to aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid).
 
  
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==Common name==
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Salix nigra Morton 180-88-3.jpg
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* '''English''' - Black willow
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</gallery>
  
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== References ==  
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==References==
  
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<references>
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<references>  
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<ref name="des">[http://www.borealforest.org/world/trees/black_willow.htm Tree Species of the World's Boreal Forests: Salix nigra]</ref>
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<ref name="chemical composition">[https://www.henriettes-herb.com/eclectic/kings/salix-alba.html "Chemical Composition"]</ref>
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<ref name="des2">[http://www.ibiblio.org/openkey/intkey/web/SANI.htm Trees of the North Carolina Piedmont: Salix nigra]</ref>
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<ref name="Leaf">[http://www.ibiblio.org/openkey/intkey/web/SANI.htm/ "leaves description"]</ref>
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<ref name="uses">[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=8OYrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA809&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false  Gunn's Newest Family Physician]</ref>
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<ref name="How to plant/cultivate">[https://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Salix+nigra "Cultivation details"]</ref>
 
</references>
 
</references>
  
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== External Links ==
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==External Links==
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* [https://www.henriettes-herb.com/eclectic/kings/salix-nigr.html Salix nigra on Henriette's Herbal Homepage]
  
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salix_nigra Salix nigra]
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* [http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=286793&isprofile=0&n=1 Salix nigra on Missouri Botanical Garden]
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* [https://nativeplants.evergreen.ca/search/view-plant.php?ID=00613 The Native Plant Database of Salix nigra]
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* [http://ontariotrees.com/main/species.php?id=2230 Salix nigra on ontario trees]
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* [http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/trees/plants/bl_willow.htm Salix nigra on illinoiswildflowers.info]
  
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
 
[[Category:Herbs]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have flower, fruit and leaf photos]]
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[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
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[[Category:Salicaceae]]

Latest revision as of 15:38, 12 June 2019

Salix nigra, black willow

Salix nigra (black willow) is a species of willow native to eastern North America, from New Brunswick and southern Ontario west to Minnesota, and south to northern Florida and Texas.

Uses

sexual erethism, irritability, passion, libidinous thoughts, irritability, Toot cystitis, sexual abuse, ovaritis, cystitis, prostatitis.

Parts Used

inner bark, Leaves.

Chemical Composition

White-willow bark, according to Pelletier and Caventou, consists of bitter, yellow coloring matter, green fatty matter, tannic acid, resin, etc. The chief constituent, however, as with all the willows, is the glucosid salicin (see Salicinum)[1]

Common names

Language Common name
Kannada
Hindi Akarkara
Malayalam Akkarakaaram
Tamil
Telugu
Marathi NA
Gujarathi NA
Punjabi NA
Kashmiri NA
Sanskrit Akarkarabh
English Pellitory


Properties

Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.

Dravya

Rasa

Guna

Veerya

Vipaka

Karma

Prabhava

Habit

tree

Identification

Leaf

Kind Shape Feature
simple deciduous petiolate, alternate, distichous, (2–)5–15 cm long, (0.3–)0.5–1.5(–2) cm wide, falcate or lanceolate, leaf margins serrate or serrulate, leaf apices acuminate, leaf bases cuneate or obtuse or rounded

[2]

Flower

Type Size Color and composition Stamen More information
Unisexual 14-18cm long Yellow, Circular Androecium. Stamens 3–7 per flower. Flowering February or March or April or May. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, catkins, flowers sessile. Flowers unisexual or pistillate or staminate. Perianth. Calyx absent. Corolla absent. Gynoecium. Ovaries superior, pistils 1 per flower. Gynoecium syncarpous, 2 carpels per flower, styles 1 per pistil, styles 0.2 mm long.

Fruit

Type Size Mass Appearance Seeds More information
Fruits capsules 0.3–0.8 cm long reddish-brown, fruit maturation 1 years seeds many, ovoid. {{{6}}}

Other features

List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used

Where to get the saplings

Mode of Propagation

Seeds, Cuttings.

How to plant/cultivate

Succeeds in most soils, including wet, ill-drained or intermittently flooded soilst[3]

Commonly seen growing in areas

wet soil condition, along streams and lakes.

Photo Gallery

  • 2013-05-04 15 59 05 Black Willow catkins along Colonial Lake in Colonial Lake Park in Lawrence, New Jersey.jpg
  • 2013-05-04 15 59 14 Black Willow catkins along Colonial Lake in Colonial Lake Park in Lawrence, New Jersey.jpg
  • Annual report of the Ohio State Academy of Science" (1893-1930.) (19369397441).jpg
  • Black Willow NBG.jpg
  • Black Willows in Cameron Texas.jpg
  • Salix nigra catkins 8001.JPG
  • Salix nigra Morton 180-88-3.jpg

References

  1. ↑ "Chemical Composition"
  2. ↑ "leaves description"
  3. ↑ "Cultivation details"

External Links

Retrieved from "https://ayurwiki.org/index.php?title=Salix_nigra_-_Black_willow&oldid=40542"