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Salix nigra - Black willow

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→‎List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used
'''Salix nigra''' ('''black willow''') is a species of willow native to eastern North America, from New Brunswick and southern Ontario west to Minnesota, and south to northern Florida and Texas.
== Description Uses=={{Uses|sexual erethism}}, {{Uses|irritability}}, {{Uses|passion}}, {{Uses|libidinous thoughts}}, {{Uses|irritability}}, {{Uses|Toot cystitis}}, {{Uses|sexual abuse}}, {{Uses|ovaritis}}, {{Uses|cystitis}}, {{Uses|prostatitis}}. ==Parts Used=={{Parts Used|inner bark}}, {{Parts Used|Leaves}}. ==Chemical Composition==White-willow bark, according to Pelletier and Caventou, consists of bitter, yellow coloring matter, green fatty matter, tannic acid, resin, etc. The chief constituent, however, as with all the willows, is the glucosid salicin (see Salicinum)<ref name="chemical composition"/> ==Common names=={{Common names|kn=|ml=Akkarakaaram|sa=Akarkarabh|ta=|te=|hi=Akarkara|en=Pellitory}} ==Properties==Reference: Dravya - Substance, Rasa - Taste, Guna - Qualities, Veerya - Potency, Vipaka - Post-digesion effect, Karma - Pharmacological activity, Prabhava - Therepeutics.===Dravya=== ===Rasa=== ===Guna=== ===Veerya=== ===Vipaka=== ===Karma=== ===Prabhava===  ==Habit=={{Habit|tree}} ==Identification=====Leaf==={{Leaf|simple|deciduous|petiolate, alternate, distichous, (2–)5–15 cm long, (0.3–)0.5–1.5(–2) cm wide, falcate or lanceolate, leaf margins serrate or serrulate, leaf apices acuminate, leaf bases cuneate or obtuse or rounded}}<ref name="Leaf"/> ===Flower==={{Flower|Unisexual|14-18cm long|Yellow, Circular|Androecium. Stamens 3–7 per flower.| Flowering February or March or April or May. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, catkins, flowers sessile. Flowers unisexual or pistillate or staminate. Perianth. Calyx absent. Corolla absent. Gynoecium. Ovaries superior, pistils 1 per flower. Gynoecium syncarpous, 2 carpels per flower, styles 1 per pistil, styles 0.2 mm long.}} ===Fruit==={{Fruit|Fruits capsules|0.3–0.8 cm long|reddish-brown, fruit maturation 1 years|seeds many, ovoid.|}} ===Other features=== ==List of Ayurvedic medicine in which the herb is used== ==Where to get the saplings====Mode of Propagation=={{Propagation|Seeds}}, {{Propagation|Cuttings}}. ==How to plant/cultivate==Succeeds in most soils, including wet, ill-drained or intermittently flooded soilst<ref name="How to plant/cultivate"/> ==Commonly seen growing in areas=={{Commonly seen|wet soil condition}}, {{Commonly seen|along streams and lakes}}. ==Photo Gallery==<gallery class="left" caption="" widths="140px" heights="140px">2013-05-04 15 59 05 Black Willow catkins along Colonial Lake in Colonial Lake Park in Lawrence, New Jersey.jpg  2013-05-04 15 59 14 Black Willow catkins along Colonial Lake in Colonial Lake Park in Lawrence, New Jersey.jpg 
It is a medium-sized deciduous tree, Annual report of the largest North American species Ohio State Academy of willow, growing to 10–30 m (35–100 ft) tall, exceptionally up to 45 m Science" (148 ft), with a trunk 50–80 centimeters (20–30 in) diameter. The bark is dark brown to blackish, becoming fissured in older trees, and frequently forking near the base. The shoots are slender and variable in color from green to brown, yellow or purplish; they are (like the related European Salix fragilis) brittle at the base, snapping evenly at the branch junction if bent sharply. The foliage buds are 2–4 millimetres (1⁄16–3⁄16 in) long, with a single, pointed reddish1893-brown bud scale1930. The leaves are alternate, long, thin, 5–15 centimeters (2–6 in) long and 0.5–2 centimeters (1⁄4–3⁄4 in19369397441) broad, usually somewhat falcate, dark, shiny green on both sides or with a lighter green underside, with a finely serrated margin, a short petiole and a pair of small stipules. It is dioecious, with small, greenish yellow to yellow flowers borne on catkins 2.5–7.5 centimeters (1–3 in) long in early spring at the same time as the new leaves appear. The fruit is a 5 millimeters (3⁄16 in) capsule which splits open when mature to release the numerous minute, down-covered seeds. The leaves turn a lemon yellow in the fall. It is typically found along streams and in swamps.<ref name="des"/><ref name="des2"/>jpg
Salix gooddingii (Goodding's willow) is sometimes included in S. nigra as a variety, as S. nigra var. vallicola Dudley; when included, this extends the species' range to western North America. However, the two are usually treated as distinct species Black Willow NBG.jpg
Another name occasionally used for black willow is "swamp willow", not to be confused with Salix myrtilloides (swamp willow) Black Willows in Cameron Texas.jpg
== Uses ==
*Black willow roots are very bitter, and have been used as a substitute for quinine in the past.<ref name="uses"/>*Ethnobotanical uses of black willow by various Native American tribes include basketry, and treatment of fever, headache, and coughs.*The bark of the tree contains salicylic acid, a chemical compound similar to aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)Salix nigra catkins 8001.JPG
==Common name== Salix nigra Morton 180-88-3.jpg 
* '''English''' - Black willow</gallery>
== References ==
<references><ref name="deschemical composition">[httphttps://www.borealforesthenriettes-herb.orgcom/worldeclectic/treeskings/black_willowsalix-alba.htm Tree Species of the World's Boreal Forests: Salix nigrahtml "Chemical Composition"]</ref><ref name="des2Leaf">[http://www.ibiblio.org/openkey/intkey/web/SANI.htm Trees of the North Carolina Piedmont: Salix nigra/ "leaves description"]</ref><ref name="usesHow to plant/cultivate">[https://bookswww.googlepfaf.coorg/user/Plant.in/booksaspx?idLatinName=8OYrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA809&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Gunn's Newest Family PhysicianSalix+nigra "Cultivation details"]</ref>
</references>
== External Links ==* [https://www.henriettes-herb.com/eclectic/kings/salix-nigr.html Salix nigra on Henriette's Herbal Homepage]
* [http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=286793&isprofile=0&n=1 Salix nigra on Missouri Botanical Garden]*[https://ennativeplants.evergreen.ca/search/view-plant.php?ID=00613 The Native Plant Database of Salix nigra]* [http://ontariotrees.wikipediacom/main/species.orgphp?id=2230 Salix nigra on ontario trees]* [http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/trees/wikiplants/Salix_nigra bl_willow.htm Salix nigraon illinoiswildflowers.info]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have flower, fruit and leaf photos]]
[[Category:Ayurvedic herbs that don't have seed photos]]
[[Category:Salicaceae]]
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